Biographical Etymology of Marine Organism Names. E & F

The polychaete name Nereis eakini Hartman, 1936 may possibly be a tribute to Prof. Dr. Richard Marshall Eakin, (5 May - Florence, Colorado) 1910-1999 (25 Nov. - Danville, Cal.), zoology professor at UC Berkeley (PhD there in 1935), who mainly worked on non marine animals. (more)

Dr. Nellie Barbara Eales, 1889-1989 (7 Dec. (a few months after having celebrated her 100:th birthday)), English malacologist at the Univ. College, Reading, specializing in opisthobranchs (also publishing much on the anatomy of the African elephant), who i.a. published "The littoral fauna of Great Britain : a handbook for collectors".

Dr. Frank Evelyn Eames, (22 Feb. - Forest Hill, London) 1906-1978 (16 Feb. - Guildford, Surrey), English geologist and palaeontologist with an unique expertise in both micro- and molluscan Tertiary palaeontology.

The British foraminiferologist Arthur Earland, 1866-1958, FRSE from 1942, life-long collaborator of Heron-Allen (q.v.), is honoured in the genera Earlandia Plummer, 1930, Earlandinella Cummings, 1955, Earlandinita Cummings, 1955 and Earlandammina Brönnimann & Whittaker, 1988 and the species Elphidium earlandi Cushman, 1936, Webbinella earlandi Rhumbler, 1935, Spiroplectammina earlandi (Parker, 1952) and Brizalina earlandi (Parr, 1951). The mineral Earlandite (Ca₃2(C₆)2(H₅)2(O₇)·4(H₂O) from deep southern sea bottoms) is also named for him.

The Hawaian boxer shrimp name Stenopus earlei Goy and Randall, 1984 has a masculine ending, so the honoured person is hardly the marine biologist Dr. Sylvia Earle, (30 Aug. - Gibbstown, New Jersey) 1935-, named "Her deepness" because of her many diving records. Evidently another exploratory diver, Mr. John L. Earle, 19??-, of the Bishop Museum (and mainly interested in ichthyology), is the honoured person (2:nd to the left in upper row here). [Luzonichthys earlei Randall, 1981, Cirrhilabrus earlei Randall & Pyle, 2001, Myripristis earlei Randall, Allen & Robertson, 2003]

The asteroid name Solaster earlli Verrill, 1879. may likely honour Robert Edward Earll, (24 Aug. - Waukegan, Ill.) 1853-1896 (19 Mar. - Chevy Chase, Md.), curator at the Smithsonian Institution between 1888-96, dealing with fisheries. He had been a Deputy Representative there and at the U. S. National Museum during the early 1880s

The acoel Conaperta earnhardti Hooge & Smith, 2003 from North Carolina, is in memory of "race-car driver, and North Carolina native Dale 'The Intimidator' Earnhardt", (29 Apr.) 1951-2001 (18 Feb. - car crash).

Lacking information about the collector G. Earnshaw in the fish name Amblycirrhitus earnshawi Lubbock, 1978.

Lacking information about East in the bivalve name Spondylus eastae Lamprell, 1992.

The decapod name Ptychognathus easteranus Rathbun, 1907 must be a tribute to Easter Island, the type locality, where R/V Albatross first found it in 1904, and is thus not an eponym, honouring a person.

The name Eastward in the copepod name Danielssenia eastwardae Coull, 1971 is not in honour of a person, but the Duke University ship Eastward, from which the species was collected.

The skate name Bathyraja eatonii (Günther, 1876), is likely not a tribute to the US (New York area) botanist Amos Eaton, (17 May) 1776-1842 (10 May), but much more likely a tribute to a collector in the Antarctic area (Heard Island), from where it was described, the Rev. Alfred Edwin Eaton, (25 Apr. - Little Bridge, Devon) 1844-1929, a dipterologist (but interested in practically all types of natural history), who collected there and published from Kerguelen and Heard Island in 1875 (the English Transit-of-Venus Expedition, including other British and German scientists who had left Cape Town with the ship H.M.S.S. Volage under captain Fairfax 18 Sep. 1874 and then left Kerguelen 27 Feb. 1875). When home again, Eaton took part in a summer expedition in 1875 to Spitsbergen together with the Arctic explorer Benjamin Leigh Smith, (12 Mar. - Whatlington, East Sussex) 1828-1913 (4 Jan. - Hampstead), on the steam yacht Diana.

Dr. Albin Ebersbach, 18??-19??, Zoologischen Institut der Universität Leipzig, from Rüsdorf at Glauchau, published on cirrate octopods in 1915 [Chunioteuthis ebersbachii Grimpe, 1916 (a synonym of Stauroteuthis syrtensis Verrill, 1879)].

Prof. Dr. Karl Joseph Eberth, (21 Sep. - Würzburg) 1835-1926 (2 Dec. - Berlin), was a physician (anatomist, pathologist & bacteriologist) and published "Untersuchungen über Nematoden", Leipzig, 1863. He finished his dissertation in his home town in 1859, became later Assistant (Prosektor) to Kölliker (q.v.) and still later he moved to Zürich [Anticoma eberthi Bastian, 1865, Calyptronema eberthi (de Man, 1876), Prooncholaimus eberthi (Filipjev, 1918)].

Prof. Viktor von Ebner-Rofenstein, (4 Feb. - Vorarlberg) 1842-1925 (20 Mar. - Wien), Austrian histology professor in Graz, later Vienna, who published on calcispongiae in 1887 [Ebnerella von Lendenfeld, 1891].

Claudio Ebreo, (2 Apr. - Siracusa) 1928-1996 (10 Sep.), Italian malacologist.

Ronald J. Echols, 19??-, from Univ of WA, USA, published on foraminiferans during the 1970s and worked on a "coring watch and recorder" [Astrononion echolsi Kennett, 1967].

Mr. (honorary Dr. Sc. at Pomona College in 1968) Rollin P. Eckis, (26 June) 1905-1999 (12 Nov.), Chief Geologist of the Richfield Oil Corporation, Los Angeles, is honoured in the foraminiferan name Suggrunda eckisi Natland, 1950.

Christian Frederik (Friederich) Ecklon, (17 Dec. - Aabenraa, Denmark) 1795-1868 (last part of that year - Cape Town). In 1823 he landed as an apothecary's apprentice at the Cape of Good Hope and got interested in botany. In 1828 he returned home with vast amounts of plant collections, which were given to German and Danish botanists. However, he later returned to Africa and died eventually in Cape Town [Ecklonia Hornemann, 1828].

Dr. James E. Eckman, 19??-, Skidaway Institute of Oceanography & Office of Naval Research, is honoured in the harpacticoid name Bathycampus eckmani Huys & Thistle, 1989.

Economou-Amilli : (see Athena).

Smithsonidrilus edgari Erséus, 1993 is named for Dr. Graham J. Edgar, 1955-, who has published on Australian fishes and other marine life (e.g. working as a tanaid taxonomist), University of Melbourne, who provided the type material of this species. Dr. Edgar later moved to Charles Darwin Research Station at Galapagos, where he is head of the marine research [Iphimedia edgari (Moore, 1981)].

Edgar : (see E. A. Smith).

Lacking information about Edgard in the gastropod name Trivirostra edgardi Shaw, 1908, but possibly a tribute to Dr. Edgard Hérouard? (q.v.).

Harold Eugene Edgerton, (6 Apr. - Fremont, Nebraska) 1903-1990 (4 Jan. Cambridge, Mass.), US marine scientist and inventor of the stroboscope. The foraminiferan genus Edgertonia Tendal & Hessler, 1977, was however not named for him, but for one of his relatives, Carol Craig Edgerton (in 1977 married to the geology professor James H. Natland, and from 1992 living in Key Biscayne), (Hollywood, California) 1945-2007 (31 July - Miami (cancer)), who sorted the samples in Hessler's laboratory in which the the first specimens of this genus were found and has continued work on foraminifera for long time after that description. Also another such taxon is named for her.

Lacking information about Edinger in the gastropod name Attiliosa edingeri Houart, 1998.

The gastropod name Odostomia edmondi Jordan, 1920 is in honour of Mr. George W. Edmond, 18??-19??, of Santa Monica, "who first interested the author in the study of mollusca". Mr. Edmond was a disciple of Amherst College in the early 1870s (so likely born during the 1850s) and in the beginning of the 20th century he had some kind of relationship with Stanford Univ. An exact namesake was assistant in chemistry at Johns Hopkins Univ. in 1922, possibly the same person?

Dr. Stanley Joe Edmonds, (13 Feb.) 1909-1995 (16 July), Sipunculid specialist at the South Australian Museum, who published a monograph on this group in 1972 together with Alexander Charles Stephen, (17 Dec. - Garvock Manse, Laurencekirk,. Kincardineshire) 1893-1966 (3 June).

Aeolidia edmonsoni Østergaard, 1955 was named for Prof. Dr. Charles Howard Edmondson, 1867-1970, "for his generous aid in securing specimens". Edmondson found specimens of this species at Waikiki already in 1922. He was Professor of Zoology at the University of Hawaii, and Director of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu. He studied sea-anemones and crustaceans of Hawaii, and wrote about ecology of coral reefs. In 1906 he had published his main work of his dissertation, "The Protozoa of Iowa". [Tegastes edmondsoni Pesta, 1932]. (Dr. D. Damkaer kindly provided this information).

Dr. Laurence Edmonston, (9 Feb.) 1795-1879 (7 Mar. - his residence Halligarth near Buness), was a Scottish physician at Balta Sound, Unst. with great naturalal history interests. His son Thomas Edmonston, (20 Sep.) 1825-1846 (24 Jan. - Sua Bay, Peru), was the author of “Flora of Shetland”, became professor of Botany in the Andersonian University, Glasgow at the age of 20, appointed shortly afterwards as naturalist on board H.M.S. Herald on her scientific expedition to the Pacific, but was accidentally killed.

Dr. Malcolm Edmunds,193?-, British opisthobranch researcher at the Univ. of Central Lancashire (now Prof. Em.), is honoured in the gastropod name Glossodoris edmundsi Cervera, Garcia-Gomez & Ortea, 1989. (Andrew Vik, Tampa, Florida, kindly provided this information).

Henry M. Edson, 1877?-1912, US Malacologist.

Eduard in the amphipod name Stenothoe eduardi Krapp Schickel, 1975 : (see Chevreux).

Lacking information about Eduard in the Red Sea gastropod name Conus eduardi Delsaerdt, 1997.

"That obliging and indefatigable naturalist", Mr. Edward of Banff, was one of Bate and Westwood's correspondents, sending them many specimens. Thomas Edward, (25 Dec. - Gosport, Portsmouth) 1814-1886 (27 Apr.), "the Scotch Naturalist," was a humble shoemaker who collected marine animals in his "spare time." He sent these to virtually every well-known British biologist of his period, and was rewarded with an A.L.S. (Associate of the Linnean Society) and many, many scientific names of species (and probably genera). He ended as a poorly paid curator of the Banff Museum of Natural History. Actually a biography - Life of a Scotch Naturalist - by Samuel Smiles, 1812-1904, was published already in 1877. (Dr. D. Damkaer kindly provided this information).

F.E. Edwards : (see Bowerbank).

Bathydrilus edwardsi Erséus, 1984 is named for Mr. John Edwards, 19??-, "(now in the UK), former resident of Hong Kong, who assisted most valuably in my field work in the New Territories".

Milne-Edwards & Milne Edwards : (see Milne-Edwards).

Lacking information about Edwards in the amphipod name Monoculodes edwardsi Holmes, 1905. Possibly it may be a tribute to the British entomologist Frederick Wallace Edwards, (28 Nov.) 1888-1940 (15 Nov.), at the British Museum (Nat. Hist.), where he worked on Diptera or a tribute to father or son Milne Edwards (q.v.).

The tapeworm name Acanthobothrium edwardsi Williams, 1969 from the spiral intestine of Raja fullonica is in honour of Mr. Bill Edwards, 19??-, at the Univ. of Aberdeen (the School of Biological Sciences), who helped Dr. Harford (Haffie) Williams (q.v.) with tapeworms.

Douglas John Eernisse, 1955-, Associate Professor, Dept. of Biological Science, California State University, Fullerton. Working on molecular and morphological evolution of metazoans and as a Polyplacophoran specialist [Loricella eernissei Sirenko, 2008].

The cephalopod genus name Egea Joubin, 1933, may possibly be a tribute to Dr. Vilhelm Ege, 1887-1962 (8 July), Danish marine ichthyologist: (André Trombeta kindly provided this information).

Hans Egede, (31 Jan. - Harstad, Norway) 1686-1758 (5 Nov. - Falster , Denmark), Danish inuit missionary / naturalist, who collected (mainly botany) in Greenland, as made his son Poul Hansen Egede, (9 Sep. - Kabelvåg, Lofoten) 1708-1789 (6 June - Copenhagen), although their collections were unknown to Linnaeus. Hans Egede had been sent by the Danish king to Greenland in 1721, to mission and look for Norse survivors, because no effort had been made for more than 300 years to contact such inhabitants in Greenland. He did not find any Norse survivors, but inuits and started by learning about how the inuits lived and learning their language and established the town Gothaab, later known as Nuuk. Hans Egede returned to Denmark in 1736 with his family, except for his eldest son Poul, who had helped his father in his mission activities. Poul returned to Denmark eight years later. Hans Egede reported from his home trip from Greenland in 1834 that the crew of his ship on July 6 saw a giant "sea serpent" and later Hyperhydra egedei (Heuvelmans, 1954) (a cryptozoological name), a primitive extinct? whale was descrabed, honouring his name.

The German physician and micropalaeontologist Dr. Joseph Georg Egger, (24 Dec. - Kelheim) 1824-1913 (22 Mar. - München), published on foraminiferans between 1857-1909 [Eggerella Cushman, 1933].

Henrik (Heinrich) Franz Alexander, Baron von Eggers, (4 Dec. - Schleswig) 1844-1903 (14 May - Leipzig), from Denmark, was a professional soldier and botanist, who became interested in botany when stationed at Virgin Island and after that collected much botany in e.g. Equador, where he lived between 1891-97 in his hacienda El Recreo. From the beginning his collection went to the botanist Eugen Warming (q.v.) in Denmark, but after a joint trip to the West Indies a brake between them appeared and after this his collections went to Berlin.

Dr. Jens Konrad Eggvin, (19 Aug. - Eggum, Lofoten) 1899-1989 (Bergen), Norwegian hydrographer, is honoured in the fish name Eumicrotremus eggvini Koefoed, 1956.

The marine gastropod name Alvania vanegmondi Hoenselaar & Goud, 1998 is named after Mr. J. van  Egmond, 19??-, Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden, for his participation in the CANCAP-expedition for marine biological research in the Canarian-Cape Verdean region of the North Atlantic Ocean (1976-1986).

The coral names Cladopsammia eguchii (Wells, 1982), Eguchipsammia Cairns, 1994 and the stylasterid name Stylaster eguchii (Boschma, 1966) are likely not honouring Dr. Eisuke Eguchi, 1928-, at the Dep. of Biology, Yokohama,who has published on arthropod receptors, but more likely Prof. Dr. Motoki Eguchi, (21 Apr.) 1905-1978 (4 Mar.), who has published on reef-building corals.

Prof. Dr. Ernst Heinrich Ehlers, (11 Nov. - Lüneburg) 1835-1925 (31 Dec.), M.D. in Göttingen in 1861, having earlier studied marine life in Messina and Naples, he developed into a polychaetologist; professor of zoology in Erlangen (where his magnum opus "Die Borstenwürmer" arrived in 1864-68), from 1874 in Göttingen (but retireing in 1919), one of the godfathers of the laboratory in Helgoland (he had a summer home on this island) and on the whole very influential regarding the study of invertebrates, in Europe as well as in USA, from where several students were sent to him. [Ehlersia de Quatrefages, 1866, Lygdamis ehlersi Kirtley, 1994, Eranno ehlersii (M'Intosh, 1885), Prionospio (Prionospio) ehlersi Fauvel, 1928, Echinoderes ehlersi Zelinka, 1913, Scoloplos (Scoloplos) ehlersi Blake, 1985, Onuphis ehlersi (M'Intosh, 1885), Cistenides ehlersi (Hessle, 1917), Terebellides ehlersi M'Intosh, 1885, Terebella ehlersi Gravier, 1907].

Professor Ulrich Ehlers, 1940-, German platyhelminthologist in Göttingen, although not related to Ernst Ehlers. He is a disciple of Ax (q.v.) [Ptychopera ehlersi Ax, 1971] and married to Beate Sopott-Ehlers, 1945-, colleague of her husband [Cirrifera sopottehlersae Noldt & Jouk,1988].

Prof. Dr. Ernst M.E. Ehrenbaum , (20 Dec. - Perleberg) 1861-1942 (6 Mar. - Marburg), who mainly published on fishes, is honoured in the nematode name Rhabditis ehrenbaumi Bresslau & Stekhoven, 1935 and in the microsporidean name Pleistophora ehrenbaumi Reichenow, 1929 (a muscle parasite in Anarhichas).

Ehrenberg : (see Greeff).

Dr. h.c. Hermann Felix Paul Ehrmann, (21 Dec. - Leipzig) 1868-1937 (6 Oct. - Leipzig), German malacologist.

Christian Eberhard Eiben, (16 Nov. - Burhafe / East Friesland) 1833-1895 (23 Mar. - Aurich), is honoured in the bacillariophycean name Chaetoceros eibenii Grunow in Van Heurck 1880-1885. Eiben was a seminar teacher in Aurich and was very interested in cryptogams, but published also on ornithology.

Dr. Danny Eibye-Jacobsen, 1956-, Danish polychaetologist (curator of Annelida s. lat.) at Zoological Museum, København (Copenhagen). PhD in 1990. Editor of the key book series "Danmarks Fauna".

The diatom name Fragilaria eichhornii Witkowski & Lange-Bertalot in Witkowski, Lange-Bertalot & Witask is likely a tribute to the botanist Eugen Eichhorn, (7 Nov. - Richenburg (Böhmen)) 1878-1963 (30 Sep. - Regensburg).

Johann Karl Eduard Ivanovich von Eichwald, (4 July - Mitau (later called Jelgava), Latvia) 1794-1876 (16 Nov. - St Petersburg), Russian geologist / palaentologist of German origin [Keratella eichwaldi (Levander, 1894)].

The Mediterranean shelf mysid name Heteromysis eideri Bacescu, 1941 is likely not named for a person, but for a boat: the Monaco Museum's small ship Eider. (Dr. D. Damkaer kindly suggested this connection).

The diatom name Navicula eidrigiana Carter, 1979 is not named for a person, but was found in Loch Eidrig, Scotland..

The German-born US Zoology Prof. (at the Indiana Univ.) Dr. Carl Henry Eigenmann, (9 Mar. - Flehingen, Germany) 1863-1927 (24 Apr. - San Diego, California), who was an ichthyologist trained by Jordan (q.v.), PhD in 1889, is honoured in the decapod name Troglocubanus eigenmanni (Hay, 1903). His wife Rosa (Smith) Eigenmann, (7 Oct. - Monmouth, Ill.) 1858-1947 (12 Jan. - San Diego), was an ichthyologist as well.

Dr. James Eights, (Albany, New York) 1798-1882 (June - Ballstone (in the home of one of his sisters, having been a bachelor all his life) at age 84), was a US physician, water colour artist and an early Antarctic biologist. He described pycnogonids, particularly and was the first naturalist to describe a ten-legged one. He very nearly participated on the U.S. Exploring Expedition. See Hedgpeth, Joel W. 1971. James Eights of the Antarctic (1798-1882). American Association for the Advancement of Science, Research in the Antarctic, p. 3-45 [Yoldia eightsi Couthouy in J. Jay, 1839]. (More). (Dr. D. Damkaer kindly supplied all this information).

Jan M.A. van den Eijnden, 1901-1984, Dutch malacologist.

Eila : (see Berge).

Prof. Gustav Heinrich Theodor Eimer, (22 Feb. - Stäfa, close to Zürich, Schweiz) 1843-1898 (29 May - Tübingen), German zoologist, disciple of Kölliker (q.v.) and eventually professor in Tübingen [Eimeria Schneider, 1875, Oriopsis eimeri (Langerhans, 1880)].

Einar : (see Westblad).

Dr. Hermann Einarsson, (9 Dec.) 1913-1966 (25 Dec. - Copenhagen?), Icelandic fisheries researcher; his doctoral thesis in 1945 dealt with Northern Atlantic Euphausiacea.

Ulrich Einsle, (24 Apr.) 1935-1996 (24 Dec.), German copepod worker. (Obituary in Monoculus 33)

Dr. Gustaf August Eisen, (2 Aug. - Stockholm) 1847-1940 (29 Oct. - New York), zoologist from Uppsala, senior lecturer (docent) in 1873, and left Sweden the same year for southern California, staying in USA for the rest of his life (except for two visits to his native country in 1904 and 1906) and e.g. became a member of the California Academy of Sciences. He had planned to return to Sweden some years after he had left, but he lost his small fortune a few years after his arrival to USA when an assurance company went bancrupt, so therefore he stayed in order to earn some more money. From the beginning he earned some money as an aquarel painter, but soon became involved in the fruit plantage business and discovered the possibility to grow Smyrna figs in California (and also was involved in the conservation efforts of Sequoia gigantea). During his last decades he lived in New York and was more involved in archaeological research than in biology, i.a. having been a specialist in antique glass. [Modiolus eiseni Strong & Hertlein, 1937, Tegula eiseni Jordan, 1936, Cerithiopsis eiseni A. M. Strong & J. G. Hertlein, 1939].

The Galapagos skate name Rajella eisenhardti Long & McCosker, 1999 was named in honour of E. Roy Eisenhardt, 19??-, the Executive Director of the California Academy of Sciences.

Prof. Hugo Eisig, (Baden) 1847-1920 (Feb.), German polychaetologist and for many years a cooperator of Dohrn (q.v.) Eisig, who had been one of Haeckel's students and Paul Mayer, 1848-1923, (q.v.) were for many years assistents at the Naples station. [Cerebratulus eisigii Hubrecht, 1880, Centroderes eisigii Zelinka, 1928].

Miss Helene Eker, 1918-2001, a keen student of the family Mitridae [Scabricola ocellata ekerae Cernohorsky, 1973]. (The lady to the right here is Eker). (Dr. Eugene V. Coan, California, kindly provided the date).

Prof. Dr. Sven Petrus Ekman, (31 May) 1876-1964 (2 Feb. - Upposala), professor of zoology in Uppsala; biogeographer [Siboglinum ekmani Jägersten, 1956, Ekmania Hansen & McKenzie, 1991, Paramphiascopsis ekmani Lang, 1965]. Several other Swedish persons named Ekman has connection with the sea, e.g. Prof. Vagn Walfrid Ekman, (3 May - Stockholm) 1874-1954 (9 Mar. - Gostad, Stockaryd, Sweden), who was professor in mechanics and mathematical physics in Lund and worked with hydrography and theoretical physical oceanography and is connected with the oceanographical terms "Ekman spiral" and "Ekman layer" (and also constructed hydrographical equipment, e.g. a current meter), Dr. Fredrik Gustaf Ekman, (29 Aug.) 1852-1930 (26 Feb.), who was distantly related to Walfrid (they shared a common ancestor during the 17:th century), industrialist (first technical manager of a sugar factory mainly owned by D Carnegie in Göteborg, later director of SSA in Göteborg), donator and hydrographical researcher (well-known for his friendship with the professor of chemistry in Uppsala / Stockholm Sven Otto Pettersson, (12 Feb.) 1848-1941 (16 Jan.), who is more famous for his hydrographical and oceanographical work than for his chemical and who also (together with C.G.J. Petersen (q.v.)) initiated (via the Swedish king Oscar II) the International Council for Exploration of the Sea (ICES), which was founded in 1902. Otto was father of the oceanographer Hans Pettersson, (26 Aug. - Kålhuvudet, Marstrand, Sweden) 1888-1966 (25 Jan. - Göteborg), the leader of the Swedish Albatross circumnavigation in 1947-48), Prof. Fredrik Laurentz Ekman, (3 Oct. - Göteborg) 1830-1890 (1 Jan. - Stockholm), the son of a vicar in Foss, Bohuslän, Walfrid's father, chemist and hydrographer and professor at the technical University in Stockholm achieved his Ph.D. on a dissertation on Scandinavian marine algae in Uppsala in 1857 and is honoured by Areschoug in the algae species Dictyosiphon ekmanii Areschoug, 1875. Much about O. Pettersson, G. Ekman, their cooperators and antagonists may be found in Crawford & Svansson 2003. In one letter to Ekman from 1898, Pettersson e.g. is mentioning the relation to his colleagues Cleve (q.v.) and C. Aurivillius (q.v.) as driving two horses, of which the first only would bolt, the other sit down on its hind legs or kick behind. Pettersson was the instigator of the Stockholm conference in June 1899 (helped by e.g. Cleve (q.v.), G. Ekman and Trybom (q.v.)) which resulted in the start of ICES (International Council for Exploration of the Seas) in 1902. Pettersson had only kind things to say about Herwig (q.v.), but had several doubts regarding P.P.C. Hoek (q.v.). "He is tough. Give him only whiskey in the evening and good food. Tha's all". According to Petterson, was Garstang (q.v.) a "good fellow", maybe partly because Garstang was considered to be an "enemy" of Archer and Hoek. In 1907 Pettersson and Nansen (q.v.) quarreled about the reasons why surface water in polar areas became sinking deep water, but after some years they were friends again. The young K.A. Andersson (q.v.), who was inspector of western Swedish Fisheries, had in 1914 succeded Trybom (q.v.) as a member of SHBK (Swedisch Hydrographical and Biological Commission), but not as a member of ICES (where G. Ekman together with O. Pettersson became Swedish members, thus two hydrographers, who continued to serve there until 1930 when Ekman died and also Pettersson resigned, after which one Swedish fisheries biologist (K.A. Andersson) and one hydrographer (O. Pettersson's son Hans) became new members and worked well together). Andersson wished from the beginning to abandon SHBK and instead constitute a Swedish central fisheries authority, under which fisheries research as well as hydrographical research should sort, which Pettersson and G. Ekman did not like. A first step became the establishment of a new sea fisheries laboratory, which bacame a part of SHBK and placed in Lysekil close to Pettersson's Bornö in the Gullmar Fjord, not in Gothenburg as Andersson had wished. This of course was a victory for Pettersson, who had found the place where it was built and was used from 1 July 1929. However, Andersson did not give up, and in 1948 SHBK was abandoned and the the laboratory in Lysekil became subordinated the Fisheries Board of Sweden. After O. Pettrerssons wife Agnes had died in February 1929 and G. Ekman had died in 1930, his sorrow for this and Andersson's opposite opinions was mildred when his son Hans achieved the first professorship in Oceanography in Göteborg.30 May 1930 after having done research on radioactivity during most time of his career. In 1939 a new building for H. Pettersson's institution was finished at Stigbergstorget in Göteborg, which was in use almost to the break of the new millennium. O. Pettersson reached rather high age despite almost constant worry already as relatively young about his throat, expressed e.g. in a letter from Europe to a friend, that he was sorry for not obeying his physicians advice to stay indoors in his home. (His physician in Lysekil, Dr. Carl Adolf Riber Blume (born 1869) was himself a bit peculiar, regularly ordinating most of his patients - irrespective of their suffering - a large spoonful of brandy for strictly medical purposes, while he himself could use several spoons of this medication because beeing their doctor, who needed to be in full health whenever his patients needed him. Thus he had a reputation of beeing a good physician, who not always was completely sober. One (true or false?) story tells about Blume beeing called to a seriously ill old man on an island close to Lysekil. When he arrived during the evening he stumbled in the darkness into the cottage and fell down close to the patient but found a wrist, felt a pulse and soon delivered the diagnosis "gubben e full" meaning "the old man is drunk", which was completely true, because he had happened to find his own wrist, but it was not the correct patient and Blume came from a long working day, so he had probably needed rather much medicine before this visit).

Ekström : (see von Wright).

The amphipod name Stenopleustes eldingi Gurjanova, 1930 is likely not a tribute to a person's name, but to the Russian ship Elding, which e.g. took samples in the Barents and Kara Sea during 1925 (and also taking samples in 1927).

The gastropod name Conus eldredi Morrison, 1955, is likely a tribute to his parents, because the author was born Eldred before beeing adopted (see Morrison).

Dr. Lucius G. Eldredge, (1 Mar.) 1938-, at the Pacific Science Association, Hawaii, and at the Bishop Museum, is the person honoured in the crab genus name Luciades Kropp & Manning, 1996 and the crab names Homola eldredgei Guinot & Richer de Forges, 1995, Petrolisthes eldredgei Haig, & Kropp, 1987 & Pseudomicippe eldredgei Griffin & Tranter, 1986.

Lacking information about Eleanor(e) in the gastropod name Lucapinella eleanorae J.H. McLean, 1967 (described from Panama).

Periclimenes eleftherioui Koukouras & Türkay, 1996 is honouring the Greek marine biologist Prof. Dr. Anastasios Eleftheriou, (14 Sep.) 1935-, at the Institute of Marine Biology of Crete, who achieved his PhD in 1977 at the Univ. of Aberdeen.

Elena in the scaphopod name Gadila elenae Scarabino, 1995 : (see Gofas).

Lacking information about Elena in the copepod name Tegastes elenae Marcus, 1963.

The gastropod name Stigmaulax elenae Récluz, 1844 is likely not named for a person, but for Santa Elena, at the west coast of Equador.

The gastropod name Linguella elfortiana de Blainville, 1823 must - despite the spelling - be a tribute to W. Elford Leach (q.v.), because it was observed by de Blainville among the collections under curation by Dr. Leach at the British Museum.

The crab name Prionothelphusa eliasi Rodriguez, 1980 is in honour of Elias Rodríguez, 19??-, Venezuelan young naturalist. It is not known to the compiler of this text if he is related to the author of this species, the Venezuelan Crustacean taxonomist Dr. Gilberto Rodríguez, (12 May) 1929-2004 (16 May).

Dr. Anders Eliason, 1890-1975, competent polychaetologist from Svenljunga, Sweden [Bathyeliasona Pettibone, 1976, Cirrophorus eliasoni (Mackie, 1991), Lacydonia eliasoni Hartmann-Schröder, 1996, Parougia eliasoni (Oug, 1978), Eclysippe eliasoni (Day, 1973)].

Elin : (see Berge).

Sir Charles Norton Edgecombe Eliot, (8 Jan. - Sibford Gower near Banbury, Oxfordshire, England) 1862-1931 (16 Mar. - at sea in the Straits of Malacca), British malacologist (& late H.M. Commissioner for the East African Protectorate), who i.a. published the last part (part 8) of Alder & Hancock's Nudibranch Monograph in 1910. (He had ended his governorship of Kenya after 4 years in 1904 and from 1905-1912, he was Vice-Chancellor of the University of Sheffield and between 1912-1918 he was appointed the first Vice-Chancellor of the University of Hong Kong, later British Ambassador in Japan between 1919-25. He was a lifelong bachelor. [Eliotia Vayssière, 1909, likely Phyllochaetopterus elioti Crossland, Haploplana elioti Laidlaw, 1903]. An US namesake was Prof. Charles William Eliot, (20 Mar.) 1834-1926 (22 Aug.), president of Harvard Univ., who together with E.L. Mark (q.v.) and Prof. Dr. Charles L. Bristol, 18??-19?? (a drinking fountain in memory of him was finished in Nov. 1939, so he must have died before this event), of New York Univ., started the Bermuda Natural History Society.

Lacking information about Elisa in the tanaid name Apseudes elisae Bacescu, 1961 and in the cumacean name Iphinoe elisae Bacescu, 1950. A possible candidate may have been Elise Wesenberg-Lund (q.v.).

Lacking information about Elisa in the gastropod name Chicoreus (Triplex) elisae Bozzetti, 1991.

Stenhelia (Delavalia) elisabethae Por, 1960 was named for the authors mother Elisabeth Por, 1???-19??. (See also Elisheva below, which possibly is the Israelic form of this name?)

The decapod name Scyllarides elisabethae (Ortmann, 1894) is likely not named for a person, but for Port Elizabeth, South Africa.

The octocoral name Pseudopterogorgia elisabethae Bayer, 1961 must be a tribute to Dr. E. Deichmann (q.v.), because she was thanked for material by the author (p. 248).

The medusa name Lizzia elisabethae Haeckel, 1879 has the following explanation: "As Forbes dedicated the pretty genus Lizzia blondina to a 'blond Elizabeth,' I do the same, and wish to honor not only St. Elizabeth of Thuringia, but also the 'blond Elizabeth' of Immermann and my own dear daughter Elizabeth". Haeckel's daughter Elizabeth was born in 1871 and died in 1948 (see Haeckel under Greeff) (Dr. D. Damkaer kindly supplied this information).

Lacking information about Elisabeth in the scaphopod name Fissidentalium elizabethae Lamprell & Healy, 1998.

Elise : (see Wesenberg-Lund).

Lacking information about Elisheva in the copepod name Leptocaris elishevae (Por, 1967). Possibly the honoured person may be the authors mother (also honoured in the name Stenhelia (Delavalia) elisabethae Por, 1960 - see above).

Lacking information about Elisia in the red algal name Halosia elisiae Cormaci & Furnari, 1994.

Lacking information about Eliza in the gastropod name Cerithiopsis eliza W. H. Dall, 1924.

The gastropod name Aspella elizabethae McGinty, 1940 is in honour of Elizabeth Pilsbry, daughter of H.A. Pilsbry (q.v.).

Lacking information about Elizabeth in the scaphopod name Fissidentalium elizabethae Lamprell & Healy, 1998.

Lacking information about Eller in the Australian bryozooan name Mucropetraliella ellerii (MacGillivray, 1869).

Who is Ellinor in the Trachymedusae name Botrynema ellinorae (Hartlaub, 1909)?

Lacking information about Elliot in the gastropod name Amoria ellioti (Sowerby, 1864). Possibly a tribute to the US naturalist Daniel Giraut Elliot, (7 Mar. - New York City) 1835-1915 (22 Dec.), from 1894 curator at Field Nuseum, Chicago, who in younger days travelled in Europe and later spent several years abroad, but perhaps more probably from an Australian locality, possibly Lady Elliot Island, in the Great Barrier Reef?

The brachiopod name Argyrotheca elliotti le Renard, 1994, must be a tribute to Graham Francis Elliott, (11 Oct. - London) 1916-2001 (3 July - Cheltenham, Gloucestershire), British palaeontologist and brachiopod worker, who had been trained by Helen Muir-Wood (q.v.).

Arthur Erskine Ellis, (1 Oct. - Bangalore, India) 1902-1983 (28 Feb. - Alphington, Exeter), British Malacologist.

The copepod name Asterocheres ellisi Hamond, 1968 is not honouring Miss Joan P. Ellis, 19??-, who published on mainly terrestrial isopods from the Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) and the Linnean collection, but Mr. Edward (Ted) Augustine Ellis, (Guernsey of Norfolk) 1909-1986, "the doyen of Norfolk naturalists for more than thirty years", who published much, especially on botanical items during the 1970s.

John Ellis, 1710? or -1714?-1776 (18 Oct.), (see also Schlosser) Irish linen merchant (i.a. royal agent for west Florida) in London, who in 1736 met Linnaeus during his London visit and after that continously sent many specimens to Uppsala, which was much appreciated by Linnaeus. (See Rauschenberg's biography). Ellis published several natural history works and was especially interested in corals and their relatives [Caberea ellisii (Fleming, 1814), Ellisina Norman, 1903, Sertularella ellisi (Lamouroux, 1821), Ellisella Gray, 1858]; the most well-known is probably that about "zoophytes" in 1786 together with the disciple of Linnaeus, Dr. Daniel Carlsson Solander, (17 Feb. - Piteå, Sweden) 1733-1782 (13 May, stroke), who followed James Cook and his botany friend Banks (q.v.) with "Endeavour" around the seas in 1768-71, when he and his former personal clerk Herman Spöring, (Turku) 1733-1771, from Finland (a son of a medical professor by the same name), inspired the naming of Endeavor's first landing place in Australia as Botanist Bay, now Botany Bay, close to the site where Sydney 18 years later became situated. Solander also cooperated with the duchess of Portland (q.v.) regarding conchology and J.C. Fabricius (q.v.) regarding entomology, was a close friend of several British cultured persons like Joseph Banks, James Cook, Samuel Johnson, Matthew Boulton and Benjamin Franklin, but was evidently also involved in industrial espionage in England on behalf of Sweden [Solanderia Duchassaing & Michelin, 1846, Acanthocybium solandri (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1832), Trivia solandri (Sowerby, 1832), Jordanidia solandri (Cuvier 1832), Montipora solanderi Bernard, 1879, Rexea solandri (Cuvier, 1832), Canthigaster solandri (Richardson, 1845)].

Dr. Richard Elmhirst, 1884-1948, director of the marine station at Millport during the first decades of the 20:th century [Isaea elmhirsti Patience, 1909].

The bryozoan name Schizoporella elmwoodiae (Waters, 1900) is not named for a person, but for a place, "off Elmwood, Franz Joseph Land, Arctic". (Mary E. Spencer Jones, curator of recent Bryozoa, the Natural History Museum, London, kindly provided this information).

Dr. Olof Elofson, (20 June) 1911- 2009 (7 Feb.), zoologist from Uppsala. His PhD in 1941 concerned Swedish marine ostracods and he was co-author of another ostracod work 1951 and he took part of the ostracod symposium in Hull in 1967. In 1991 - 50 years after the first time - he was conferred an anniversary doctor's degree [Elofsonia Wagner, 1957, Elofsonella Pokorny, 1955].

Lacking information about Elsa / Else in the gastropod names Glyphostoma elsae Bartsch, 1934 and Cerithiopsis elsa W. H. Dall, 1924, but possibly a tribute to Dr. Elsa Guerdrum Allen, 1888-1969, (PhD in 1929), ornithologist and sister of Bartsch's wife Signe.

Lacking information about the collector Elsey in the scleractinian name Acropora elseyi (Brook, 1892), but possibly not named for a person, but for the Northern Territory of Australia, where Elsey National Park now is situated?

Elsie : (see Lafferty).

Percy Elston, 1???-1969, South African Malacologist.

The gastropod names Calliotropis (Calliotropis) eltanini Dell, 1990, Asperiscala eltanini Dell, 1990, Otukaia eltanini Dell, 1990, Falsilunatia eltanini Dell, 1990, Chlanidota eltanini Dell, 1990, Miomelon eltanini Dell, 1990, the decapod name Systellaspis eltanini Wasmerr, 1983, the cephalopod name Histioteuthis eltaninae N. Voss, 1969, the bivalve name Ennucula eltanini Dell, 1990 and the coral name Caryophyllia eltanini Cairns, 1982 were not named for a person, but for the USNS (U.S. Navy Ship) Eltanin, the world's first Antarctic research ship. Operated by the National Science Foundation from 1957 to 1972. Mostly used by the Lamont Geological Laboratory of Columbia University, several from the staff of the Smithsonian also sailed on her at time. There were TONS of specimens of all kinds sent back from the many cruises. Ocean features, as well as animals and plants, bear her name. The ship was likely named for the Zenith star, which sometimes is called Eltanin, situated almost 150 Light Years away from our sun. (Dr. D. Damkaer kindly provided the information about this vessel).

Prof. Dr. Dennis Embleton, (1 Oct. - Newcastle-upon-Tyne) 1810-1900 (12 Nov. - Newcastle), Prof. of Medicine and zoo-anatomist from Newcastle upon Tyne [Embletonia Alder & Hancock, 1851].

Dr. William (Bill) Keith Emerson, 1925-, at Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. [Aperiovula emersoni Cate, 1973, Pyrgocythara emersoni Shasky, 1971, Favartia emersoni Radwin & D' Attilio, 1976, Conus emersoni Hanna, 1963, Wemersoniella Scarabino, 1986 (instead of the preoccupied Emersoniella Boss, 1982)].

The gastropod name Cerithiopsis emersoni (C.B. Adams, 1838) is likely honouring Dr. George Barrell Emerson, (12 Sep. - Wells, ME) 1797-1881 (4 Mar. - Newton, Mass.), US botanist and malacologist, who was one of the originators of the Boston Society of Natural History. A later namesake malacologist from USA was Joseph Swift Emerson, (13 July - Lahainaluna, Maui (the son of a missionary)) 1843-1930 (at age 86), who was educated as a civil engineer at MIT, but returned to Hawaii in 1877.

James Henry Emerton, (31 Mar. - Salem, Mass.) 1847-1930 (5 Dec.), US arachnologist, is honoured in the copepod name Emertonia Wilson, 1932, in the polychaete name Autolytus emertoni Verrill, 1881 and in the gastropod names Gymnobela emertoni Verrill & Smith, 1884, Pleurotomella emertonii Verrill & Smith, 1884, Turbonilla emertoni Verrill, 1882 & Polycerella emertoni Verrill, 1881.

Dr. Christian Charles Emig, (10 Dec. - Colmar, Alsace) 1941-, French lophophorate (chiefly phoronids & brachoipod) worker in Marsielle, who also is an oceanographer and journalist.

Emilia in Synelmis emiliae Salazar-Vallejo, 2003 : (see the author's family name).

Dr. Cesare Emiliani, (8 Dec. - Bologna, Italy) 1922-1995 (20 July - Palm Beach Gardens (heart attack)), micropaleontologist, who is honoured in the coccolith genus name Emiliana Hay & Mohler, in Hay, Mohler, Roth, Schmidt & Boudreux, 1967, moved to Chicago, USA in 1948, achieving his PhD in 1950 and then moving to Miami in 1957. (See also ...)

The gastropod name Chicoreus emilyae Petuch, 1987 must be a tribute to Dr. Emily H. Vokes, (q.v.), who earlier had published on this genus.

Emily in Scala emiliae Melvill & Standen, 1903 : (see F.M. Townsend).

Lacking information about Eminescu in the tanaid name Similipedia eminescui Gutu, 1989, but possibly a tribute to the influential Romanian poet Mihai Eminescu, (15 Jan. - Botos¸ani, Moldavia) 1850-1889 (15 June - Bucharest),?

The gastropod Ocenebra emipowlusi R.T. Abbott, 1954 was dredged from aboard the shrimp trawler, "Sea Hag" off Florida in 1953 by Captain M.E. Powlus, 1???-, after whom the species is named.

Lacking information about Emm in the polychaete name Proclea emmi Annenkova, 1937.

Emma in Mangilia (Glyphostoma) emmae : (see Emma Hadfield).

The ciliate name Pseudoprorodon emmae Bergh, 1896, is likely a tribute to Emma Brandes Bergh, 18??-1???, Rudolph Sophus Bergh's first wife (of 4).

Emmanuel : (see Guillot de Suduirat).

Emmanuèle : (see Métivier).

The bivalve name Erycina emmonsi Dall, 1899 may likely be a tribute to the palaeontologist Prof. Ebenezer Emmons, (16 May - Middlefield, Massachusetts) 1799-1863 (1 Oct.),.

Dr. Paul Ivar Enequist, (27 Nov. - Luleå) 1906-1998 (26 July), Swedish zoologist, who in 1949 defended a doctoral thesis on soft bottom amphipods in Uppsala. Later he became a fisheries official.

Lacking information about the well known malacological collector Prof. Dr. Carl Christian Engberg, (13 Nov. - Hytton, Sweden) 1872-19?? (still living in 1929), Prof. of Applied Mathemathics in Lincoln, Nebraska, in the gastropod names Homalopoma engbergi (Willett, 1929), Turbonilla engbergi Bartsch, 1920 and Odostomia engbergi Bartsch, 1920.

Professor Dr. Hendrik Engel, (2 Feb. - Koog aan de Zaan) 1898-1981, (12 Apr. - Almen) Dutch zoologist, director of the Zoological Museum of Amsterdam, interested in nudibranchs, hirudineans, fossil echinoids and history of zoology [Berthellina engeli Gardiner, 1936 (now Gymnotoplax engeli), Melibe engeli Risbec, 1937, Phyllaplysia engeli Marcus, 1955, Paranotodelphys engeli Stock, 1967, Calvocheres engeli Stock, 1968, Flabellina engeli Marcus & Marcus, 1968, Engeliella engeli Cherbonnier, 1968, Loxothylarus engeli Boschma, 1968]. (Curator Henk K. Mienis, Tel Aviv Univ., kindly provided some corrections & additions).

Lacking information about E.? Engelbrecht in the South African diatom name Planothidium engelbrechtii (Cholnoky, 1955) Round & Buktiyarova

Dr. Winfried Engl, 19??-, physician and malacologist from Düsseldorf (Germany) [Turbonilla engli Penas & Rolan, 1997, Caecum engli Nofroni, Pizzini & Oliveiro, 1997].

Major Kenneth W. England, 19??-1991 (29 July), British Indo-Pacific Sea Anemone taxonomist at the Univ. of Reading.

The octocoral name Pacifigorgia englemanni (Horn, 1860), from the Mazatlán area, W Mexico, is possibly (but perhaps not likely - due to the somewhat different spelling) honouring Dr. Georg Engelmann, (2 Feb. - Frankfurt am Main) 1809-1884 (4 Feb.), a German physician and botanist, who settled in St. Louis, and actually also collected (not only botany, also animals) in the part of Mexico, from where the octocoral was found.

Heinrich Gustav Adolf Engler, (25 Mar.) 1844-1930 (10 Oct..), German/Jewish botanist (plant geographer) and museum director [Phaeophila engleri Reinke, 1889].

Father Sebastian (also known as Anton Franz) Englert, (17 Nov. - Bavaria) 1888-1969 (8 Jan.), from Easter Island, is honoured in the cowry name Erosaria englerti (Summers & Burgess, 1965).

Prof. Dr. Thomas Saunders English, (Washington, D.C.) 1928-1985 (5 Jan. - Seattle), Professor of Biological Oceanography at the University of Washington, Seattle. An outstanding teacher, with many friends in all walks of life. (Dr. D. Damkaer kindly supplied this information, also adding the following:) For me, one of the most influential persons outside of my own family. I still think about him nearly every day [Oncaea englishi Heron, 1977].

Frank Harvey Eno, 1865-1943, US Malacologist.

The mollusc name Strombus entropi Man in't Veld & Visser, 1993 is named for Christian Johannes "Bob" Entrop, (16 Nov.) 1917-1987 (3 July.), a Dutch malacologist who was "a driving force behind Vita Marina", in which journal the species was described (as subspecies). (Winston Barney, Fort Worth, Texas, kindly provided this information and Lodewijk van Duuren kindly corrected the date of birth and provided the correct name instead of C.J.).

Géza Entz sr., (29 Mar. - Mezökomárom) 1842-1919 (4 Dec. - Budapest), Hungarian naturalist at the "Technischen Hochschule Budapest", who conducted plankton studies in the Adriatic Sea (based at the town Fiume - nowadays named Rijeka) in the beginning of the 20:th century [Hartmannula entzi Kahl, 1931, Chaetospira entzi Kahl, 1932, Trachelocerca entzi Kahl, 1930]. His father Ferenc Entz, 1805-77, was a well known, physician and gardener, interested in wine cultivation. His son, Géza Entz jr., (30 May - Cluj-Napoca) 1875-1943 (21 Feb. - Budapest), investigated Peridinea and Tintinnidae there during the same era. (Dr. Riccardo Giannuzzi-Savelli kindly provided the address of Entz sr.).

Dr. Mats Vincent Envall, 1954-, Swedish nemerteanologist, working in Göteborg (Gothenburg), primarily on gen. Ototyphlonemertes, but evidently left this kind of research around the turn of the new millennium.

Derek Enyenihi, 19??-, Institute of Oceanography, University of Calabar, Nigeria, is honoured in the monogenean name Diplectanum enyenihii Obiekezie, 1988. (Dr. Riccardo Giannuzzi-Savvelli kindly provided this information).

Lacking information about Enzo in the calanoid name Acartia enzoi Crisafi, 1974.

The ascidian name Cnemidocarpa eposi Monniot & Monniot, 1994 is not honouring a person's name, but the so called EPOS Cruise leg 3 with R/V Polarstern.

Dr. August Erdmann, (1 Feb. - Hannover) 1844-1???, published in 1886 in Jena on zoantharians from the British Triton expedition (1882) [Epizoanthus erdmanni (Danielssen, 1890)]. (Dr. Riccardo Giannuzzi-Savelli kindly provided the birth date).

Dr. Mark V. Erdmann, 19??-, University of California, Berkeley, US carcinologist [Gonodactylellus erdmanni Ahyong, 2001].

Dr. Radim Ergens, (Brno, Czeckoslovakia,) 1933-, is honoured in the the monogenan genus Ergenstrema Paperna, 1964, with e.g. E. labrosi Anderson, 1981 known fom the gills of the thick-lipped grey mullet Chelon labrosus at Plymouth. Also several monogeneans of fresh water fishes are dedicated to him. He began his work at the Institute of Parasitology in Prague in 1957 and retired in the middle of the 1990s. (Prof. Jean-Lou Justine, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, kindly provided a copy of a biographical note from Systematic Parasitology (1995) 30: 79-80).

Christian Friedo Eckhard Erichsen, (Knifzig, Tondern district) 1867-1945 (Hamburg), German lichenologist and teacher at a primary school ("Volksschule") in Hamburg. [Verrucaria erichsenii Zschacke, 1???].

Wilhelm Ferdinand Erichson, (26 Nov. - Stralsund) 1809-1848 (18 Dec. - Berlin), German entomologist.

Lacking information about Erichson in the isopod genus name Erichsonella Benedict, 1901, in Richardson.

The foraminiferan name Cruciloculina ericsoni Loeblich & Tappan, 1957 must be a tribute to David B. Ericson, 19??-, of Lamont Geological Observatory, Columbia University, who published on planktonic foraminiferans during the 1950s and 1960s.

The Indo-Pacific scleractinian name Porites eridani Umbgrove, 1940 may perhaps not honour a person, but the old Greek name for a river, Eridanos, now often considered to be the river Po, but also other rivers or streams have been called so, the most important being the prehistoric large Eridanos system emptying water from the continent in northern Europe. This can not have much to do with an Indo-Pacific species, but the name Eridan have been used for several ships and boats, so possibly the boat used to catch the coral may have been named so? The Dutch author, Prof. Johannes (Jan) Herman Frederik Umbgrove (5 Feb. - Hulsberg / Limburg) 1899-1954 (14 June - Wassenaar), published on geology and geophysics, so likely the ship may have been used in geological investigations.

Turbonilla kerstinae Schander, 1994 is a tribute to Ms. Kerstin Eriksson.

Prof. Fran Erjavec, (4 Sep. - Ljubljana) 1834-1887 (12 Jan - Gorica), Malacologist.

Lacking information about Ermin / Ermini in the macrostomid name Macrostomum ermini Ax, 1959.

James Ernest, 19??-, Balboa, Panama, amateur conchologist, shell and gem dealer [Oliva reticularis ernesti Petuch, 1990, Falsilyria ernesti Petuch, 1990, Conus ernesti Petuch, 1990].

Inanidrilus ernesti Erséus, 1985 is named for Mr. Robert G. Ernest, 19??-, Applied Biology, Inc., Jensen Beach, Florida, "who made this material available, first to Dr. M.S. Loden (Louisiana State University) and subsequently to the present author".

The siphonophoran name Amphicaryon ernesti Totton, 1954 is "in honour of my esteemed colleague Ernest White", 18??-19??, "who has given me invaluable assistance in all my work since 1918, and who has undertaken so much of the routine work involved in examining thousands of plankton samples and in sorting and curating enormous siphonophore collections. I have to thank him for very great assistance in preparing and checking the text of this report". White worked as an assistant at the British Museum, Natural History, from 1918-1964.

The triclade name Synsiphonium ernesti (Hyman, 1958) may possibly be a tribute to Ernst (Enlish name form Ernest and usually called Ernesto in Brazil) Marcus (q,v.).

Dr. Christer Torbjörn Peter Erséus, 1951-, professor of invertebrate zoology at Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm and director of this department until 2004, when he returned to Göteborg (Gothenburg), where he started his career. Specialist on marine oligochaetes [Christerius Holmquist, 1985, Chrysallida ersei, Questa ersei Jamieson & Webb, 1984, Parastrophia erseusi, Heterodrilus ersei (Giere, 1979), Mexidrilus christeri (Davis, 1985)].

Prof. Dr. Johan Christian Polykarp Erxleben, (22 June - Quedlinburg) 1744-1777 (19 Aug. - Göttingen), German veterinary surgeon, the son of a deacon, who achieved his Dr. of Philosophy degree in Göttingen in 1867 and from 1775 was a full Prof. of Physics there.

Lacking information about Esbensen in the nemertean name Tetrastemma esbenseni Wheeler, 1934, but likely a person connected with the South Georgia Island, the Bermuda island or the R/V Discovery II, where Wheeler worked or had worked.

Lacking information about Escatllar in the gastropod name Doto escatllari Ortea, Moro & Espinosa, 1998.

Prof. Dr. Daniel Frederick Eschricht, (18 Mar. - København) 1798-1863 (22 Feb.), Danish physician and zoologist. He studied medicine and settled in 1822 as a country practitioner at Bornholm Island In the middle of the 1820s he made a study trip to Paris, attending Cuvier's lectures and then to London. In 1829 he was appointed professor of physiology and medicine at the Univ. of København. His main interest was comparative anatomy and his favourite taxon was whales. He founded a "zootomical-physiological" Museum, which after his death was largely incorporated in Zoologisk Museum[Acirsa eschricht (Holböll in Möller, 1842), Eschrichtius Gray, 1864, Calliobothrium eschrichtii (van Beneden, 1849), Opisa eschrichti (Krøyer, 1842), Ampelisca eschrichti Krøyer, 1842, Henricia eschrichti (J. Müller & Troschel, 1842), Calliobothrium eschrichtii (van Beneden, 1849), Bittium eschrichtii (Middendorff, 1849)].

Prof. Dr. Johann Friedrich Gustav (also named Iwan Iwanowitsch) von Eschscholtz, (12 Nov. - Dorpat, Estonia) 1793-1831 (19 May - Dorpat), German-Estonian physician and naturalist, who together with Chamisso (q.v.) took part of the circumnavigations in 1815-18 with "Rurik" directed by Otto von Kotzebue and in 1823-26 another expedition with "Predpriaetae". Eschscholtz was professor at the university of Dorpat [Eschscholthia Lesson, 1836, Eschscholtzia Kölliker, 1853, Turbonilla eschscholtzi Dall & Bartsch, 1907].

Dr. William (Bill) N. Eschmeyer, 193?-, San Francisco, curator em. of ichthyology (retired in 2004), PhD at Univ. of Miami in 1967, not to be confused with Dr. Reuben William Eschmeyer, (29 June - New Knoxville, Ohio) 1905-1955 (21 May - Arlington, Virginia), also he an ichthyologist and possibly related - father?

Cypraea leucodon f. escotoi Poppe, 2004 is honouring Jorge Escoto, 19??-, Philippine shell dealer and main dealer in the famous Cypraea aurantium Gmelin, 1791 from Samar. (Guido T. Poppe kindly provided this information).

Nannie Milton Eshnaur (unmarried name Mock), (17 Apr. - near Rockport, Indiana) 1862-1943 (13 Apr. - Bellflower, Calif), wife of the railroad engineer Warren H. Eshnaur, (June - Hannibal, Mo.) 1860-1935 (10 Jan. - Bellflower, Calif.), both US Malacologists who in 1903 had settled on Terminal Island, California. She is honoured in the gastropod name Vitrinella eshnaurae Bartsch, 1907.

Laurits Martin Esmark, (22 Jan. - Kongsberg) 1806-1884 (14 Dec. - Kristiania), Kristiania (Oslo) zoologist. His mother was the daughter of M.T. Brünnich (q.v.). [Trisopterus esmarkii (Nilsson, 1855), Lycodes esmarki Collett, 1845, Mesometopa esmarki (Boeck, 1872), Diclidophora esmarkii (Scott, 1901)]. He was uncle of Birgitte Esmark, 1841-1897, the first Norwegian woman within zoology, mainly working on non marina mollusks.

Dr. Graciela B. Esnal, 19??-, Argentinian planktonic tunicata researcher.

Prof. Eugen(ius) Johann Christoph Esper, (2 Apr. - Wunsiedel) 1742-1810 (27 July - Erlangen), professor of natural history in Erlangen, mainly butterfly researcher. He published a major work on sessile invertebrates called "Die Pflanzenthieren in Abbildungen der Natur..." (1791-1830, usually quoted as 1794). Although the sponges of his collection have apparently become lost, many of his plates are so well-made that they are easily recognized. In 1870 there was still an important number of specimens in the Erlangen Museum, but recent inventories (Wiedenmayer, pers. comm.) have failed to yield any specimens. Several specimens of Octocorals have turned up in the collections of the Senckenberg Museum (Frankfurt), but no sponges. [Esperella Vosmaer, 1880, Esperia Nardo, 1834, Esperiopsis Carter, 1874, Gellius esperi Arnesen, 1903, Paresperella Dendy, 1905, Paresperia Burton, 1930, Protoesperia Czerniavsky, 1880, Pseudoesperia Carter, 1885, Vomerula esperioides Ridley & Dendy, 1886, Leptogorgia esperi Verrill, 1869, Pteroides esperi Herklots]. (Dr. Rob van Soest kindly provided much of this information).

Mr. Erwin Espinosa "Dodong", 19??-, Philippines, who collected the first specimens of Chichoreus dodongi Houart, 1995 is honoured in that name.

The isopod name Parabopyrella essingtoni (Bourdon & Bruce, 1983) is not honouring a person's name, but was found at Port Essington, Northern Territory, Australia.

The sponge name Axinella estacioi Carballo & Garcia-Gomez, 1995 is likely in honour of Francisco José Estacio Gil, 19??-, Spanish marine researcher.

The decapod name Anchiopontonia hurii (Holthuis, 1981) was named for Mr. Huri Estell....help .... in the 1952 Tuamotu Expedition of the Pacific Science Board. (Dr. A.J. Bruce kindly supplied this information).

Kenneth W. Estep, 1952-1995, U.S. protistologist, who, when working in Bergen, Norway, founded the Linnaeus database on e.g. protists and zooplankton.

Prof. Dr. Calvin Olin Esterly, 1879-1928 (La Jolla, Calif.), from Texas, studied at Harvard under E.L. Mark and obtained a PhD in 1907. His dissertation dealt with copepods. He then lived and worked in California as Prof. of Zoology in LA, but also cooperated with Ritter (q.v.), whom he had learned to know a few years before his PhD [Parastephos esterlyi Fleminger, 1988].

Lacking information about Jean-Claude Estival,19??-, Nouméa, New Caledonia, in the gastropod name Conus estivali Moolenbeek & Richard 1995.

Dr. John (Jack) Lincoln Etchells, 1909-1981, US fungus researcher, is honoured in the fungus name Pichia etchellsii Kreger-van Rij, 1964. Etchells had been a PhD student in Michigan State College under Dr. Fred W. Fabian, (the cucumber fermentation specialist), but got a research position in 1935 at USDA and stationed at NC State College.

The coral name Notophyllia etheridgi Hoffmeister, 1933 and in the octocoral name Alcyonium etheridgei Thomson & Mackinnon, 1911 must honour Robert Etheridge Jr., (23 May - Cheltenham) 1847-1920 (4 Jan.), English palaentologist, working in Australia during the 1860s, but returning home in 1871. In 1887 he, however, emigrated to Australia. His father and exact namesake was also palaeontologist, living between (3 Dec. - Ross-on-Wye) 1819-1903 (18 Dec.).

Etienne in the gastropod name Odostomia etienni Dautzenberg, 1913 may possibly refer to he French malacologist Etienne Alexandre Arnould Locard (q.v.). (Andrew Vik, Tampa, Florida kindly suggested this).

Purpura eudeli Sowerby, 1903 is named for the late Capt. Èmile Eugène Alphonse Eudel, 1831-1892, shell collector from France and Cambodja. Possibly also the gastropod name Joculator eudeli Jay & Drivas, 2002 may honour the same person? (Dr. Eugene V. Coan, California, kindly provided some of this information).

The polyplacophoran name Leptochiton eugenei P. Kaas & R. A. Van Belle, 1985 was in honour of the late Dr. Eugène Leloup (q.v.) of Bruxelles.

Lacking information about Eugenia in the gastropod name Murex (Panamurex) eugeniae Vokes, 1992. Older similar names like Latiaxis eugenie Bernardi, 1853 may refer to the circumnavigation by the Swedish frigate "Eugenie", 1851-53, but that is likely not the case with the Murex species.

Lacking information about Euno in the gastropod name Caecum eunoi Nofroni, Pizzini & Oliveiro, 1997.

Prof. Louis Euzet, 19??-, of Montpellier is a leading French specialist on Cestodes and Monogeneans parasitic in Fish. He is retired but still (year 2002) very active. He is honoured in the myxozoan name Myxidium euzeti Lubar, Radujkovic, Marques & Bouix, 1989 and in the monogenean names Aspinatrium euzeti Ktari, 1971, Ligophorus euzeti Gaevskaya && Dmitrieva, 1997 and Heteraxine louiseuzeti De Armas & al. [Metacamopiella euzeti Kohn, Santos & Lebedev, 1996, Gyrodactylus euzeti Prost, 1993, Proteocephalus euzeti de Chambrier, Vaucher & Renaud, 1992, Eimeria euzeti Daoudi, Radujkovic, Marques & Bouix, 1987, Echinobothrium euzeti Campbell & Carvajal, 1980, Grillotia louiseuzeti Dollfus, 1964, Euzetia Chisholm & Whittington, 2001, Euzetiella de Chambrier, Rego & Vaucher, 1999, Euzetplectanoocotyle Mamaev & Tkachuk, 1979]. (Prof. Jean-Lou Justine, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, kindly added information and several of the names honouring Prof. Euzet).

Eva : (see Roscoe).

The amphipod name Primno evansi Sheader, 1986 is honouring Dr. Frank Evans, 19??-, (Dove Marine Laboratory, Cullercoats, N. Shields, Tyneside), who was Martin Sheader's Ph.D. supervisor of his studies on hyperiid amphipods. Frank Evans was a plankton expert (now retired), who also wrote the interesting 'Voyage of the Petula' and a little-known paper on coastal fogs in Northumberland. (Prof. Geoff Moore, University Marine Biological Station Millport, Isle of Cumbrae, kindly provided this information in Nov. 2004)

William Evans, (9 May - Edinburgh) 1851-1922 (23 Oct.), who in 1901 published on the fauna in the Forth area and in 1892 had published on mammalians in the Edinburgh area. He was generally interested in invertebrates, birds, botany and published much on entomology. He was a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (i.e., FRSE) and as well the president of the Royal Physical Society of Edinburgh. Thomas Scott (qv.) named a harpacticoid copepod genus Evansia T. Scott, 1906 after him, but right away noted that this name had been used for a spider, so in the same year changed it to Evansula T. Scott, 1906. The polyclad name Notoplana evansii Laidlaw, 1903., however, is likely instead in honour of another namesake, Arthur Humble Evans, (23 Feb. - Seremerston, Northumberland) 1855-1943 (28 Mar. - Crowthorne, Bucks.), who published on birds in the Cambridge Natural History. Vol. 9. 1899. (Dr. D. Damkaer kindly provided the copepod connection of W. Evans and his membership of Edinburgh societies).

Sir Frederick John Owen Evans, (9 Mar. - London) 1815-1885 (20 Dec. - London), marine scientist. He entered the navy in 1828 and served later as a navy hydrographer on HMS Acheron during the time of J.L. Stokes (q.v.)

Lacking information about Evans in the Pterobranch name Cephalodiscus evansi Ridewood, 1918.

Lacking information about Evans in the Australian pycnogonid name Anoplodactylus evansi Clark, 1963, but possibly a tribute to A.C. Evans, who published on Syntypes of Decapoda described by William Stimpson and James Dana in the collections of the British Museum (Natural History) in 1967.

Sir John Evans, (17 Nov. - Britwell Court, Bucks.) 1823-1908 (31 May - Berkhamsted), British malacologist (who also was an archaeologist).

Caleb Evans, 1831-1886, British geologist / malacologist.

John William Evans, 1857-1930, British malacologist, mineralogist, petrologist philosopher and traveller in South America (had alsoi been a state geologist in India during the mid 1890s), who returned to Britain in 1904.

John G. Evans, 19??-1992, British malacologist.

The collector John Evans, 17??-1???, is honoured in the hydroid name Synthecium evansi (Ellis & Solander, 1786). Evans worked for the East India Company and was based at Great Yarmouth.

Lacking information about Evans in the Red Sea gastropod name Conus evansi Bondarev, 2001, but possibly a tribute to R. Evans, 19??-, who in 1999 published on Conus (Rhizoconus) badius Kiener, 1845.

Leonid Alexandrovich Evdonin, (27 June) 1942 -1994 (20 June), worked at the Biological Faculty of St. Petersburg (Leningrad) State University. He studied systematics of Turbellaria, especially Kalyptorhynchia and published a book "Kalyptorhynchia of the fauna of the USSR" . He is also known by his nervous system studies. He was a very nice person. Died at 52 after an unsuccessful heart operation [Cheliplana evdonini Karling, 1983]. (Dr. Olga I. Raikova at the St. Petersburg University kindly provided this information).

The gastropod name Marginella evelynae Bayer, 1943 and possibly also Scaphella evelinae Bayer, 1971 are honouring Miss Evelyn E. Gross, 19??-, although the last species may more likely be a tribute to Eveline Marcus (q.v.).

The gastropod name Terebra evelynae Clench & Aguayo, 1939 may possibly be a tribute to the Florida malacologist Evelyn Bradley, (28 Apr.) 1911-1998 (2 Mar.)?

Dr. Barton Warren Evermann, (24 Oct. - Monroe County, Iowa) 1853-1932 (27 Sep. - Berkeley, California), US ichthyologist and marine biologist. Director of the California Academy of Sciences. [Evermannella Eigenmann, 1903, Balanus evermanni Pilsbry, 1907, Metapenaeopsis evermani (Rathbun, 1906), Triphora evermanni F. Baker, 1926, Cingulina evermanni Baker, Hanna & Strong, 1928, Porites evermanni Vaughan, 1907]. The German-Russian entomologist Prof. Alexander Eduard Friedrich Eversmann, (23 Jan. - Westphalia) 1794-1860 (14 Apr.), had a similar name and worked much in the Ural area.

Gene Dudley Everson 1941-, US (Florida) airline pilot and amateur conchologist [Clathurella eversoni Tippett, 1995, Conus eversoni Petuch, 1987, Chicoreus eversoni D' Attilio, Myers & Shasky 1987, Phyllonotus eversoni D'Attilio, Myers, & Shasky, 1987].

The collector José Geraldo (Zinho) Évora, 19??- a fisherman from Boavista Island, Cape Verde, is honoured in the Cape Verde gastropod name Conus evorai Monteiro, Fernandes & Rolan, 1995.

Prof. Dr. James Cossar Ewart (26 Nov. - Penicuik, Midlothian) 1851-1933 (31 Dec.), Scottish zoologist. He studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh and was later Professor of Natural History there. For a short time ca. 1887, he was scientific director of the Fishery Board for Scotland. In that time, a copepod, Cyclops ewarti Brady, 1888, was named for him. The specimens were collected in 1887 by Thomas Scott from a decidedly marine part of the Firth of Forth and described by Brady the following year, but the genus is usually limnic and most other findings of this species has been from purely fresh water. (Dr. David Damkaer kindly provided this information).

The monoplacophoran name Vema ewingi Clarke & Menzies, 1959 is not likely honouring the naturalist Sir James Alfred Ewing, (27 Mar. - Dundee) 1855-1935 (17 Jan.), but much more likely the US geophysicist William Maurice Ewing, (12 May - Lockeney, Texas) 1906-1974 (4 May - Galveston, Texas), who i.a. published together with the authors of the species. He worked on ocean basins and sediments and developed or improved several tools for sampling in the sea. The pilargidae name Synelmis ewingi Wolf, 1986 is likely in honour of R. Michael Ewing, 19??-, Department of Biological Sciences. Old Dominion University. Norfolk, Virginia (had evidently left this university before 1996, to become an environmental manager for a shipbuilding company and publishing on removal of tributylin in shipyard waters in 2003), who in 1981-84 published on Capitellidae and Cossuridae from the Gulf of Mexico and the Chesapeake Bay. There was also a namesake Henry Ellsworth Ewing, (11 Feb. - Arcola, Illinois) 1883-1951 (5 Jan. - Washington, D.C.), entomologist at U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C.

Dr. Joseph Fortuné Théodore Eydoux, (Toulon) 1802-1841 (Saint-Pierre, Martinique), collected during the circumnavigations in 1830-32 with "La Favorite" and in 1836-37 with "La Bonite" where he served as a naval surgeon. He published together with Gervais (q.v.) and Souleyet (q.v.) continued to publish works with Eydoux as co-author after Eydoux's death. [Pocillopora eydouxi (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1860)].

Walter Jakob Eyerdam, (16 Nov. - Seattle, Washington) 1892-1974 (31 Dec. - Seattle, Washington), who published on N Pacific shells, is honoured in the gastropod names Cingula eyerdami Willett, 1934, Odostomia eyerdami Bartsch, 1927, Turbonilla eyerdami Bartsch, 1927 and Beringius eyerdami A.G. Smith, 1959. His official collecting during expeditions seems to have been botanical specimens; he apparently collected the mollusks for himself. He spent over 20 summers in Alaska and Russia (including Kamchatka and Lake Baikal), and other expeditions include: Haiti (1927), the Solomon Islands (1929-1930, with the Whitney South Pacific Expedition of the American Museum of Natural History, New York), and Chile (1939, 1957, 1959). His personal collection of over 58,000 mollusks went to the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago, Illinois. (Donald Cunningham kindly provided the essential of this information).

Prof. Dr. Karl Wilhelm Eysenhardt, (Berlin) 1794-1825 (Königsberg), German physician and naturalist (mainly botanist) in Köningsberg (now Kaliningrad), who i.a. published together with Chamisso (q.v.) and took part in the "Rurik" circumnavigation [Rhizophysa eysenhardti Gegenbaur, 1859].

Thomas Campbell Eyton, (10 Sep. - Eyton Hall, near Wellington, Shropshire) 1809-1880 (25 Oct.), naturalist interested in cattle, fishes and birds, a close friend of C. Darwin, but opposing his theories, published in 1852 on a dredging expedition around Isle of Man and in 1858 on oysters and oyster fishery.

The pink whipray name Himantura fai Jordan & Seale, 1906 is likely not honouring a person, but possibly from its Laotian name Fa hang (or Pa fa hang or Pa fa lai).

The medusa name Solmissus faberi Haeckel, 1879 is likely honouring the British consul George Louis Faber, (England) 1846-1???, who in London in 1883 published "The fisheries of the Adriatic and the fish thereof...".

Mr. Willem Faber, 19??-, Dutch malacologist from Den Haag, is honoured in the gastropod names Alvania faberi de Jong & Coomans, 1988, Oceanida faberi de Jong & Coomans, 1988 & Chrysallida faberi Van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000.

Fabian : (see Häussermann).

The amphipod name Lestrigonus fabrei H. Milne Edwards, 1830 ("trouvé dans la mer des Indes par M. Fabré") must refer to the French naval liutenant Théodore Fabré, 1795-1830, commanding the Corvette "La Chevrette", which sailed the Bay of Bengal (in order to map the coastlines) in 1827-28 and touched the Sunda Isles and collected much material also thanks to the chief surgeon Dr. Auguste Adolphe Marc Reynaud, (7 May - Toulon) 1804-18??, and other officers.

The prolecithophoran name Plagiostomum fabrei Fuhrmann, 1898 may likely be a tribute to the French entomologist Dr. Jean-Henri Casimir Fabre, (21 Dec. - Saint-Léons, Aveyron) 1823-1915 (10 Oct. - Harmas de Sérignan), mentioned as "the insect's Homer" by Victor Hugo, but he was not only an entomologist, but had e.g. also studied mathemathics and was author of several French School books on different items. While living in Corsica from the end of the 1840s to 1853, he met the botanist Esprit Requien, who idtroduced him to botany and malacology and also introduced him to Moquin-Tandon (q.v.), who became his friend.

Prof. Johan(n) Christian Fabricius, (7 Jan. - Tønder, Schleswig) 1745-1808 (3 Mar. - Kiel), the son of a physician by the same name, was a Danish disciple of Linnaeus in Uppsala (1762-69), to whom he had come together with his childhood friend and relative Johan Zoëga (q.v.), and became a close friend of Linnaeus. He was also a distant relative of Otto Fabricius (q.v.) according to the Danish biology historian T. Wolff, but perhaps not very distant, because O. Fabricius' parental grandfather was a blacksmith and took the family name therefore; however, they may have been related in another way than the parental, or, when O. Fabricius' grandfather took his name, several relatives may have taken the same name, but most likely is that their fathers were cousins and in that case they must have been second cousins. Thereafter J.C. Fabricius mainly worked in København (Copenhagen) as professor extraordinarius - but went to London during summers to work on collections of British collectors (Banks, Hunter, Drury). From 1771 he achieved a professorship and educated in Kiel, which during this time belonged to Denmark. Also during his Kiel period he spent summers in London or Paris. In 1778 he traveled in Norway and published the following year his "Reise nach Norwegen". He worked on arthropods and was the leading specialist on insects, albeit he also wrote single articles about other animals. The amphipod Cystisoma fabricii Stebbing, 1888 may possibly be named after him, as well as the halacarid Copidognathus fabricii (Lohmann, 1889) and likely the stomatopod Oratosquilla fabricii (Holthuis, 1941) {another picture}.

Prof. Dr. h.c. Otto (Otho) Fabricius, (6 Mar. - Rudkjøbing) 1744-1822 (20 May - Christianshavn), Danish Arctic naturalist on West Greenland, eskimo missonary and zoologist. His father was also a priest and the fathers conversations with Hans Egede, (31 Jan. - Harstad, Norway) 1686-1758 (5 Nov. - Falster, Denmark), the "Greenland apostle", who in vain had been looking for Viking survivors in Greenland, but instead found inuits for which he started missioning and also founded the Greenland capitol Godthåb or Nuuk and had got Otto's mind into his future mission in Greenland, to walk in Egede's footsteps. Otto's parental grandfather had been a blacksmith, therefore his family nama: Lat. fabricius = smith. His parents were both in their second marriage, when Otto was born and his mother Else Catherine née Ursin, was 20 years younger than her husband Hans. Otto had an older half brother Christen, who also became a priest and had been a missionary at Greenland during 5 years before Otto arrived there (and he may have had 2 older half sisters as well). Otto lived in a primitive eskimo camp during five and a half year from 1768 on. He made his observations helped only by a kayak, a cup and some bivalve shells used as bowls, a few hand hold lenses and Linnaeus's Systema Naturae; later he was appointed professor of theology and titulary bishop; most well-known for his "Fauna Groenlandica" from 1780, but he also published a Greenlandic lexicon and a grammar. He corresponded much with his friend O.F. Müller (q.v.) and became on Müller's suggestion member of the Scientific Society in 1780, but after his return from Greenland to Denmark, his main occupations were religious, as a priest in Christianshavn (after having served as a priest in Drangedal and Tørrisdal, Nedre Telemark, Norway between 1775-78); his interests for natural science were however kept strong from his childhood until he died. He had married in 1780, but became a widower in 1785 and remarried in 1786. His second wife survived him for 12 years. [Amphiporus fabricii Levinsen, 1879, Fabricia de Blainville, 1828, Fabriciola Friedrich, 1940, Centroscyllium fabricii (Reinhardt, 1825), Liparis fabricii Krøyer, 1847, Lumpenus fabricii (Valenciennes, 1836), Munna fabricii Krøyer, 1846, Bispira fabricii (Krøyer, 1856), Platybdella fabricii Malm, 1863, Psolus fabricii (Düben & Koren, 1846), Sertularia fabricii Levinsen, 1893, Gonatus fabricii (Lichtenstein, 1818), Nipponotrophon fabricii (H. H. Beck in H. P. C. Möller, 1842), Eualus fabricii (Krøyer, 1841), likely Serripes fabricii (Deshayes, 1854)].

The gastropod name Epitonium fabrizioi Pastorino & Penchaszadeh, 1998 is in honour of Fabrizio, 1980-, the son ov Victor Scarabino (q.v.). Recent publications by a Fabrizio Scarabino suggest that the son has continued in his fathers footsteps. (Dr. Eugene V. Coan, California, kindly provided this information)

Fabrizio in the scaphopod name Bathycadulus fabrizioi Scarabino, 1995 : (see Scarabino).

The gastropod name Turbonilla fackenthallae A.G. Smith & M. Gordon, 1948 and the polyplacophoran name Cyanoplax fackenthallae (Berry, 1919) must be tributes to the US malacologist Nettie (Mrs. Charles W.) Fackenthall, 1868-1943, in S California.

The ascidian name Polysyncraton fadeevi Romanov, 1989, is likely in honour of Nicolay Sergeevich Fadeev, 19??-, who in Vladivostok published on Pacific cod-like fish in 1986.

Prof. Dr. Baptiste-Louis Fage, (30 Sep.) 1883-1964, from Limoges, France, who began studying biology (Sorbonne and the laboratory at Saint-Vaast-la-Hougue) because of connections with Perrier (q.v.) and the botanist Prof. Gaston Eugène Marie Bonnier, 1853-1922. He achieved his PhD on nephridia of polychaetes in 1906, after which he was appointed naturalist to the fisheries service of France at the laboratory of Banyuls-sur-Mer, where he remained for 14 years, working on i.a. gobid taxonomy, maritime spiders, plankton, speleology etc. In 1920 he joined the the staff of the zoology department of the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle in Paris and in 1938 he succeded Charles Gravier as professor and director of this department. Together with Chevreux he wrote the amphipod part of "Faune de France", published in 1925 and he also worked with e.g. ellobiopsids and some other crustacean associates. Being a widower for 3 years, he eventually died in his daughters home in Dijon [Fagesia Delphy, 1938, Thalassomyces fagei (Boschma, 1948), Cumopsis fagei Bacescu, 1956, Mesonerilla fagei Swedmark, 1959, Loxosomella fagei Bobin & Prenant, 1953, Fageapseudes Bacescu & Gutu, 1971, Coronellina fagei (Gautier, 1962), Heterostigma fagei Monniot & Monniot, 1961].

The amphipod name Ampelisca fageri Dickinson, 1982 may possibly honour Prof. Edward William Fager, (2 Apr. - Monterey Park, Cal.) 1917-1976 (4 Nov., La Jolla, Cal.), professor of marine ecology at the Univ. of California.

Mons. Jacques Sébastien François Léonce Marie Paul Fagot, 1842-1908, of Villafranche-Lauraguais, France, was a malacologist [Fagotia Bourguignat, 1884].

The copepod name Diarthrodes fahrenbachi Bodin, 1967 must be a tribute to Dr. Wolf Heinrich (Henner) Fahrenbach, (Berlin) 1932-, Department of Anatomy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, later Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Oregon Regional Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon.

The decapod name Galathea faiali Nunes-Ruivi, 1961 is likely not named for a person, but for the island Faial in the Azores. (André Trombeta kindly provided this suggestion).

The gastropod name Pteropurpura fairiana R. Houart, 1979 is likely a tribute to Ruth H. Fair, 1???-1978, who was a specialist in Muricidae and published on such gastropods and others in Honolulu.

Lacking information about Fairchild in the polyplacophoran name Leptochiton fairchildi Ch. Hedley & Hull, 1929. Possibly the dipterologist Alexander Graham Bell "Sandy" Fairchild, (Washington, D.C.) 1906-1994, (a grandson of the famous inventor Alexander Graham Bell), may be the honoured person? or perhaps his father David Grandison Fairchild, (7 Apr. - Lansing, Michigan) 1869-1954 (6 Aug.), US botanist, who supervised the introduction of many useful plants in his home country and in 1905 had married Marian Bell, daughter of the inventor. A bivale, Cuspidaria fairchildi Suter, 1908 was however collected in Brazil by a certain G.B. Fairchild, who must have been the dipterologist above, and the New Zealand ray Torpedo fairchildi Hutton, 1872 was collected at Napier, in 1868 by Captain John Fairchild, (Prince Edward Island, but son of a Devonshire farmer) 1834-1898 (accidentally killed, at age 64, when a shackle broke aloft and struck him a fatal blow), of the steamer Luna. (More about Captain Fairchild)

Mr. Ginger Faleiro, 19??-, captain of the crayfish boat, which first discovered Turris faleiroi Kilburn, 1998.

Prof. Karl Fredrik Fallén, (22 Sep. - Kristinehamn) 1764-1830 (26 Aug.), Swedish entomologist (mainly interested in Diptera), Professor in Natural History at Lund Univ. after having initially studied in Uppsala and becoming inspired by Linnaeus' disciple Thunberg (q.v.).

Chicoreus falsinii Nicolaidoui, 1976 is honouring Sign. Falsini, 19??-,.

The gastropod name Drillia fancherae (Dall, 1903) was (as a request from J.H. Paine (q.v.)) a tribute to Mrs Lydia Emerson Fancher, 1825-1907, who was mother of Mrs. Lillie J. Fancher Sawin (q.v.). (David Hollombe, Los Angeles, kindly provided this information).

The copepod name Pseudanthessius faouzii Steuer, 1940 is likely in honour of Dr. (later Prof.) Hussein Faouzi, (Cairo) 1900-1988 (Cairo), who took part in the Mabahiss expedition in 1933-34 and later together with Dr. Mohamed founded the Department of Oceanography in Egypt.

The copepod name Mesocletodes farauni Por, 1967 is likely not honouring a person, but is referring to a place, most likely the Egyptian Faraun island (Geziret el-Faraun), Farao's island, close to Eilat in the Red Sea.

Prof. Dr. Isabel (Isa) Canet Perez Farfante (married name Canet), (24 July - Havana) 1916-2009 (20 Aig.), Cuban zoologist, who was born at Cuba after her parents having moved from Spain to Cuba (and partly got her education in Spain - but was forced to leave Spain when Franco took power there), who in her early days worked on foraminiferans and molluscs, later turning to crustacean research, where especially peneids became her special interest. She had earned her PhD at Harvard Univ. in 1948. She worked mainly in Cuba until the 1960s (in 1957 University of Havana, Cuba), when she and her family moved to USA, where she worked until her retirement in 1986 [Bartschia canetae (Clench & Aguayo, 1944), Farfantepenaeus Burukovsky, 1972].

The gastropod names Vermicularia fargoi Olsson, 1951 and Cryoturris fargoi McGinty, 1955 are likely tributes to William Gilbert Fargo, (6 Dec. - Jackson, Michigan) 1867-1957 (2 Feb. - Pass-a-Grille beach, Florida), US hobby malacologist and ornithologist, who was a civil engineer from Michigan, but moved at his early retirement in 1925 to Florida, where he continued to collect in the St. Petersburg area partly together with C.R. Locklin (q.v.), who spent much time in the St. Petersburg area.

Manzonia fariai Rolan & Fernandes, 1990 was named for Mr. Carlos Mar de Bettencourt Faria, (13 Feb. - Lisboa) 1924-1976 (4 July (brutally assasinated)), Portuguese amateur astronomer in Angola, who founded the Observatoirio Astronomico de Mulemba in 1956. When he was a teenager, he lived at Madeira with an uncle, who - as an amateur - was much interested in astronomy, radio and marine biology and much influenced his nephew. (André Trombeta, Brazil, kindly provided much of this information).

Prof. Dr. William Gilson Farlow, (17 Dec. - Boston) 1844-1919 (3 June), U.S. phycologist at Harvard Univ., where he achieved his MD in 1870.

Dr. Wesley M. Farmer, (13 Oct. - Long Beach, California) 1933-, US Pacific opisthobranch researcher from San Diego, who at least has published since the 1960s. (Dr. Riccardo Giannuzzi-Savelli kindly provided the birth date).

Dr. Farran of Dublin, "a gentleman well known for his love of natural history, and for his fine collection of Irish shells. To him we are indebted for the opportunity of procuring this and two other new species of Irish Nudibranchs dredged during a little excursion to Malahide in August 1843". The note above regards Eubranchus farrani (Alder & Hancock, 1844). Evidently this person was Dr. Charles Farran, ca 1790-1861 (29 June - Feltrim, Malahide, county Dublin), who was a physician (being son of an attorney, James Farran), who had entered the Trinity College in Dublin, aged 16 in 1806, practised at Stradbally, Kilmacthomas (county Waterford) in 1846 and later in Malahide. He was also a historian in Irish botany and knew William McCalla (q.v.) and also collected plants, including marine algae, Another person with the same family name lived during the same time, but they do not seem to be closely related, namely George Farran, (9 July) 1799-1876 (22 May), who in November 1829 married Elizabeth Caroline Chomley, 18??-1898, both from Dublin. One of their sons was Edmond Chomley Farran, (27 Aug. - Belcamp) 1847-1881 (25 Sep. - Halliford, Middlesex), married to Ann Hume, 1843-1910 and was the only one among 7 siblings, who used the mother's name "Chomley" as a middle name. In 1895 an exact namesake published a note about a terrestrial isopod in Ir. Nat. (and in 1907 he published The Game Laws of Ireland, Dublin). Possibly, thus, these works may have been posthumously published and if so, likely communicated by his son. The son of E.C. Farran, George Philip (Ryan) Farran, (21 Nov. - Templeogue, Co. Dublin) 1876-1949 (5 Jan. - Knocklyon, Templeogue, Dublin), became an Irish (Dublin) copepod taxonomist (and working on other pelagical taxa as well). B.A. degree in Dublin University in 1899, worked in the National Museum and in the Royal Dublin Society's Fishery Survey. In 1901 he was appointed Assistant Naturalist in the Fisheries Branch of the Government service. In 1910 he became Inspector and in 1938 Chief Inspector, retiring in 1946 [Mysidetes farrani (Holt & Tattersall, 1905), Laophonte farrani Roe, 1958, Euaugaptilus farrani G.O. Sars, 1920, Amallothrix farrani Rose, 1942, Scopalatum farrani Roe, 1975, Neoscolecithrix farrani Smirnov, 1935]. G.P. Farran had a son named Chomley after G.P. Farran's grandmothers family name. G.P. Farran's mother was Anne Hume Ryan. (Pennie Hammond kindly provided some of this information, but the clue to whom was the Dr. Farran in the Eubranchus farrani name, was kindly given by Dr. E. Charles Nelson, Hon. Editor of Archives of Natural History, who admitted that he named the garden flower Dianthus "Chomley Farran" , which must honour G..P. Farran's father,).

Dr. Arthur Farre, (6 Mar.) 1811-1887 (17 Dec. - London), British obstetrician, who described the bryozoan species Farrella Ehrenberg, 1838 repens (Farre, 1837) using the genus name Lagenella, which already had been uses for a genus of ciliates [Farrea Bowerbank, 1862]. He was the founder af the Royal Microscopical Society and beside his professional interests and interest in marine science as an amateur, he was a keen photographer and very interested in music.

The bivalve name Chlamys farreri (Jones & Preston, 1904) of this economically important Far East species, is likely honouring the British plant collector Reginald John Farrer, (Clapham, North Yorkshire) 1880-1920 (17 Oct. - China), who after studies in Oxford in 1902 entered his first expedition to Korea, China and Japan, staying there for 8 months. Several plant species are also named for him.

Fasmer : (see Mortensen).

Lacking information about Fattah in the Indian Ocean penaeid name Hymenopenaeus fattahi Ramadan, 1938.

John Fatu, (28 Feb.) 1943-, US malacologist (Jacksonville Shell Club member) at Tonga, is honoured in the gastropod name Haliotis fatui Geiger, 1999.

Dr. Anno Faubel, 1942-, German platyhelminth (Macrostomida, Acoela) researcher, active from the 1970s onwards [Copidognathus faubeli Bartsch, 1986, Gieysztoria faubeli Artois, Willems, De Roeck, Jocque, & Brendonck, 2005].

Dr. Kristian Fauchald, 1934-, polychaetologist, born and educated in Norway, but moved during the early 1970s to USA. He spent his early years there cooperating with Olga Hartman (q.v.), but as later, for many years, in charge of the the annelid department at the Smithsonian Institution (however now formally retired). [Fauchaldius Carrera-Parra & Salazar-Vallejo, 1998, Gesaia fauchaldi Kirtley, 1994, Clavodorum fauchaldi Desbryères, 1980, Sphaerodoridium fauchaldi Hartmann-Schröder, 1993, Lumbrineris fauchaldi Blake, 1972, Chirimia fauchaldi Light, 1991, Rullierinereis fauchaldi de León-González & Solis-Weiss, 2000, Amphisamytha fauchaldi Solis-Weiss & Hernandez-Alcantara, 1994, Hypereteone fauchaldi (Kravitz & Jones, 1979)].

Lacking information about Paul Faucher, 18??-19??, in the isopod name Faucheria faucheri (Dollfus & Vire, 1900).

Dr. David John Faulkner, (10 June - Bournemouth, England) 1942-2002 (23 Nov. - La Jolla, from complications after heart surgery), Prof. of Marine Chemistry, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, is honoured in the coral name Tubastraea faulkneri Wells, 1982.

The octocoral name Alcyonium fauri Studer, 1910 is likely not in honour of e person's name, but a tribute to the surveys of S.S. Pieter Faure from 1898 to 1906. This ship was a Scottish built steam-trawler purchased by the Government of the Cape Colony in 1897, to assist with the first Marine Biological Survey, possibly named for Sir Pieter Hendrik Faure, (3 Nov.) 1858-1937 (8 Dec.), a cabinet minister in Cecil Rhodes’s government. Also the Genus name Pieterfaurea Verseveldt & Bayer, 1988 (Octocorallia, Nidaliidae) must also be named for this ship, which John D.F. Gilchrist (q.v.) brought out to South Africa in order to conduct research on fishing potential of South African waters. Another possibility for the name of this ship may have been honouring of David Pieter Faure, (11 Nov. - Stellenbosch) 1842-1916 (17 Aug. - Camps Bay, Cape Town), (fell ill and resigned in 1897), South African Unitarian Minister.

Lacking information about Fauré in the medusa name Gossea faureae J. Picard, 1952.

Prof. Emmanuel Fauré-Frémiet, (29 Dec.) 1883-1971 (6 Nov.), French specialist on ciliates, son of the composer and song writer Gabriel Urban Fauré, (12 May - Pamiers) 1845-1924 (4 Nov. - Paris), a well-known disciple of Charles-Camille Saint-Saëns, (9 Oct. - Paris) 1835-1921 (16 Dec. - Alger), and G.Fauré's wife Marie, daughter of the sculptor Emmanuel Frémiet, (6 Dec. - Paris) 1824-1910 (10 Sep.). [Faurea Labbé, 1927, Ciliofaurea Dragesco, 1960, Lamipella faurei Bouligand & Delamare Deboutteville, 1959, Paramphiascella? faurei Bodin, 1967, Lagotia faurefremieti Hadzi, 1951, Parastrombidium faurei Maeda, 1986, Strombidium faurei Dragesco, 1960, likely Diplosalenia faurei Dollfus & Roman, 1981, Peritromus faurei Kahl, 1932, possibly Sepia faurei Roeleveld, 1972, Centrophorella faurei Dragesco, 1954, Remanella faurei Dragesco, 1954].

Dr. Lionel Faurot, 1853-1934, a French scientist, is best known for his exploration of the Obock area in French Somalia [now Djibouti] (1885-1886). He published several papers dealing with ethnography, archaeology and geology of the Obock area and Kamaran Island (1886-1888). A more general report concerning that expedition appeared in 1888: Rapport sur une Mission dans la Mer Rouge et le Golfe d'Aden (octobre 1885 à mars 1886). Archives de Zoologie Expérimentale et Générale, 2e Série, vol. 6: 117-122.  During this mission he collected among others also zoological and botanical specimens, which were deposited in the National Museum of Natural History in Paris, France. For his explorations in the southern Red Sea and the Gulf of Tadjoura he was awarded the prestigious "Prix Savigny" in 1891. He was a life-time member of the "Société Zoologique de France" and in 1894 he was president of this society. About 20 taxa, all from the Obock area, were named after him. Mollusca: Atilia fauroti Jousseaume, 1888; Homalocantha fauroti Jousseaume, 1888; Tritia fauroti Jousseaume, 1888; Odostomia fauroti Jousseaume, 1888; Faurotis fauroti Jousseaume, 1888; Pholadidea fauroti Jousseaume, 1888; Mactra fauroti Jousseaume, 1888; Parallepipedum fauroti Jousseaume, 1888; Dactylus fauroti Jousseaume, 1888; Spondylus fauroti Jousseaume, 1888; Turbiniscala fauroti Jousseaume, 1912 and Sansonia fauroti Jousseaume, 1921. Porifera: Clathria fauroti Topsent, 1893. Arachnida: Pholcus fauroti Simon, 1887. Plantae: Convolvulus faurotii Franchet, 1887; Euphorbia faurotii Franchet, 1887; Loranthus faurotii Franchet, 1887; Salsola bottae var. faurotii Franchet, 1887 and Sargassum cylindrocystum var. faurotii Grunow, 1888. (Henk K. Mienis, Tel Aviv Univ., kindly provided all this information)

The cestodan name Microsomacanthus fausti (Tseng-Shen, 1932), is not a late tribute to the naturalist and engeneer Johannes K.E. Faust, (12 Feb. - Stettin) 1822-1903 (18 Jan. - Pirna), but in honour of the cestodan worker Dr. Ernest Carroll Faust, (7 Sep. - Carthago, Missouri) 1890-1978 (2 Nov. - New Orleans), Tulane Medical Faculty (from 1928 during 28 years, but having worked in the Bejing area, China during 9 years, before retirement in Tulane).

Leopoldo Alcaraz Faustino, 1892-1935, Philippine malacologist, who published on molluscs and madreporarians around the Philippines during the 1920s [Porites (Synaraea) faustinoi ].

Fausto in the gastropod names Janolus faustoi Ortea & Llera, 1988 and Ancilla faustoi Matthews, Matthews & Dijck, 1977 : (see Fausto Gonzalez).

Prof. Dr. Daphne Gail Fautin (who also has published using the name D. G. Fautin Dunn), 1946-, diligent Actinologist at the Univ. of Kansas. She achieved her PhD at the Univ. of California, Berkeley, in 1972 [Critomolgus dunnae (Humes, 1982)].

Prof. Dr. Pierre Louis André Fauvel, (8 Oct. - Cherbourg) 1866-1958 (12 Dec. - Angers), well-known French polychaetologist [Fauveliopsis M'Intosh, 1922, Fauvelia Gravier, 1900, Exogone fauveli Cognetti, 1961, Bathyfauvelia Pettibone, 1976, Pholoe fauveli Kirkegaard, 1983, Aponuphis fauveli (Rioja, 1918), Chone fauveli M'Intosh, 1923, Psammodriloides fauveli Swedmark, 1958, Loxosomella fauveli Bobin & Prenant, 1953, Schistocomus fauveli Hartman, 1955, Sosane fauveli Caullery, 1944].

Prof. Jean Alphonse Favre, (31 Mar. - Geneva) 1815-1890 (11 July), Swiss geologist and palaeontologist. His son Adrien Ernest Favre, (14 June) 1845-1925 (7 Jan.), was also geologist and palaeontologist and possibly related to Jules Favre, 1882-1959, compatriot, working on similar thiings, i.a. malacology, but is mainly remembered as a mycologist.

Dr. Walter Faxon, (4 Feb. - Jamaica Plain (now a part of Boston), Massachusetts) 1848-1920 (10 Aug. - Lexington, Mass.), U.S. zoologist at the Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology [Galacantha faxoni Benedict, 1902, Nematocarcinus faxoni Burukovsky 2001, Bathyarctus faxoni (Bouvier 1917), Solenocera faxoni De Man, 1907, Lucifer faxoni Borradaile, 1915, Harrieta faxoni (Richardson, 1905), Paromola faxoni´(Schmitt, 1921)].

Faye : (see Howard de Montano).

Mr. Jack Fearnley, 19??-, of Cooktown, Australia, provided specimens of Latiaxis fearnleyi Emerson & D'Attilio 1965.

Christian Febiger, (25 Dec.) 1817-1892 (15 Jan.), of Wilmington, Del., US industrialist and hobby diatom researcher.

The cirripedian name Teloscalpellum fedikovi (Zevina, 1975) is likely a tribute to N.F. Fedikov, 19??-, Russian deep sea benthos scientist.

The skate name Bathyraja fedorovi Dolganov, 1985, may be a tribute to either the Russian academiciam Dr. Konstantin Nikolaevich Fedorov, (Leningrad) 1927-1988 (21 Sep. - Moscow), physical and cosmic oceanographer or likely more probably to Dr. Vladimir Vladimirovich Fedorov, (2 Jan. - Kalinin) 1939-, Russian ichthyologist at Zoological Institute, St. Petersburg, who is still active during the first decade of the new millennium.

Prof. Dimitri Mikailovich Fedotov, 1888-1972, at the Perm State University, Russia, published on ophiuorids, molluscs, etc. during the first decades of the 20:th century, and a book about insects arrived in 1968 [Pterastericola fedotovi Beklemishev, 1916].

Aleksei Pavlovich Fedtschenko, 1844-1873, Zoological Museum,. Moscow State University, Moscow, must be the honoured person in the digenean name Tanaisia fedtschenkoi Skrjabin, 1924. Fedtschenko was a non professional entomologist and provided some very impressive and dangerous expeditions. Most of his material ended up in Moscow. He tragically died during mountain climbing.

Dr. Herman Adair Fehlmann, 1917-2005, from Smithsonian Inst. (ichthyology) [Scarus fehlmanni Schultz, 1969].

Mrs. Marie C. Fehr-de Wal, 1911-2002, member of the former Dutch mollusca working group, is honoured in the gastropod name Odostomia fehrae van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 1998. (Dr. Eugene V. Coan, California, kindly provided the dates).

Chrysallida feldi Van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000 was named for Mr. David R. Feld, (7 Sep.) 1955-, of Grantham, UK, fellow malacologist, who is most interested in the following mollusk families: Ficidae, Nassariidae, Aporrhaidae, Struthiolariidae, Opisthobranchia, Mytilidae, Pinnidae.

Dr. Darryl L. Felder, 19??-, Prof. at Department of Biology, Lafayette, LA, is honoured in the crab name Dicranodromia felderi Martin, 1990.

Jean Feldmann, 1905-1978, French algae researcher [Diarthrodes feldmanni Bocquet, 1953, Feldmannia Hamel, 1939, Rhodophysema feldmannii Cabioch, 1975, Olpidiopsis feldmanni Aleem, Myrionema feldmannii Loiseaux, Bryopsis feldmannii Gallardo & Furnari], who published at least one paper on phycomycetes together with Geneviève Feldmann-Mazoyer, (16 Oct.) 1910-1994, presumably his wife. [Aglaothamnion feldmanniae Halos, 1965, Tiffaniella feldmanniae ((P. Huvé) Gillis & Coppejans, Griffithsia genovefae Feldmann, Gayliella mazoyerae T.O. Cho, Fredericq & Hommersand, 2008].

The polyplacophoran name Chaetopleura felipponei (Dall, 1921) must be in honour of Dr. Florentino Silvestre Felippone, 1852-1939 (or 1949?), bryologist from Uruguay (Montevideo).

Prof. Dr. Howard Barraclough (Barry) Fell, (6 June - Lewes, Sussex, England) 1917-1994 (21 Apr. - San Diego (heart failure)), ophiuroid worker in New Zealand, where he arrived with his mother in the early 1920s (after she had become a widow, when her husband had died in a shipboard fire) and worked there until 1964, when he moved to USA, first the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University, Boston, but retired in 1979 and moved to San Diego. His skill for languages made him eventually understand Maori, Latin, French, German, Danish, Ancient and Modern Greek, Russian, Sanskrit, Egyptian hieroglyphics and more than a dozen other languages of Africa, Asia and America and during the end of his career he shifted his interest from echinoderms to epigraphical knowledge, i.e. understanding of scripts and engravings from ancient cultures. [Renetheo felli McKnight, 2003, Pentoplia felli H.E.S. Clark, 1971, Eucidaris strombilata felli Philip, 1963, Ophiocanops felli (McKnight, 2003), Nullamphiura felli Skwarko, 1963, Dytaster felli H.E.S. Clark & McKnight, 2000] (See more in this obituary).

André Fenaux, 1???-19??, lived in Marseille, France. He was a private collector of marine fossil and recent molluscs. Between 1936 and 1944 he published at least 17 malacological articles in which he described numerous new taxa, mainly from the Mediterranean Sea and the Indo-Pacific area. (According to Stefano Palazzi these papers have usually not been well accepted by serious malacologists). He donated some of his shells to the Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Marseille. However, the whereabouts of his main collection containing the type material is not known. (Henk K. Mienis, Hebrew Univ., kindly provided most of this information and corrected an earler misinterpretion in BEMON regarding which Fenaux it was, who had worked on mollusks).

Dr. Robert Fenaux, (21 Sep. – Hayange, Moselle, France) 1927 – (retired in 1992), marine biologist specialized in pelagic Tunicata and was working at the Station Zoologique, Villefranche-sur-Mer.

Dr. Lucienne Fenaux, 19??-1995 (8 June), France, marine biologist specialized in Echinodermata and was working at the Station Zoologique, Villefranche-sur-Mer. Spouse of Dr. R. Feanaux (above). She began publishing (under this name) in 1959. The Mediterranean Echinoid species Echinocardium fenauxi Péquignat, 1963 was named in her honour. Part of the type material had been collected by her. (Henk K. Mienis, Hebrew Univ., kindly confirmed L. Fenaux's involvement in the description of E. fenauxi).

Professor Dr. Tom Michael Fenchel, (19 Mar. - Copenhagen) 1940-, Danish zoologist and protistologist, PhD on ciliates, for some years professor in Aarhus, later back where he started his scientific career, in Helsingør (Elsinore), now as director of the marine biological laboratory [Thigmozoon fencheli].

Fenimore : (see Cooper).

Lacking information about Fennel in the gastropod name Anachis fenneli Radwin, 1968, but possibly a tribute to Dr. William (Bill) E. Fennel, 19??-, Dept. of Biology, Eastern. Michigan University, actively publishing since the late 1950s

Dr. Peter J. Fenner, 19??-, PhD in London in 1997, Australian? cubozoan worker. The coral name Acropora fenneri Veron, 2000 may possibly be in his honour, but more likely a tribute to Robert (Bob) M. Fenner, (23? Aug. - Rhode Island) 1953?-, a California (San Diego) based naturalist interested in fish and corals.

Fenner : (see also Fenner A. Chace).

Dr. Jean-Pierre Féral, (9 Dec. - Thiais) 1947-, at the Observatoire Oceanologique de Banyuls, is the person honoured in the echinoderm name Havelockia ferali Cherbonnier, 1988.

The green algal name Cladophora feredayi Harvey is a tribute to the Rev. John Fereday, (8 Nov. - Ellowes, Staffordshire, England) 1813.1871 (8 Apr. - George Town, Tasmania), Episcopalian Clergyman at George Town, Tasmania, an enthusiastic lover of natural history, especially of algae. He had an own boat as well as a dredge.

David Wilson Ferguson, 1835&endash;1909 (7 Feb.), US amateur shell collector. Soon after his death his sons,W.C. Ferguson and Prof. George A. Ferguson, presented his important collection to the Columbia University in the City of New York. A room was assigned for the exhibition of the collection in its entirety, however, shortly afterwards it was transferred to the Museum of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences. In 1943 the collection moved again, this time to its final destination: the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia. Unfortunately, most probably because of WW II, this transfer has never been made public and the whereabouts of the Ferguson collection became a riddle. In the wake of recent enquiries some of the type material has been recognized in the general collection of the ANSP. At least the following five species of molluscs were named after him: Helix alternata var. fergusoni Bland, 1861 [= Anguispira fergusoni], Conus fergusoni Sowerby, 1873, Mitra fergusoni Sowerby, 1874 [= Mitra florida Gould, 1856], Cypraea vitellus var. fergusoni Rous, 1905 [= Lyncina vitellus (Linnaeus, 1758)] and Acmaea fergusoni Wheat, 1913 [= Tectura testudinalis (Müller, 1774)]. (Dr. Henk K. Mienis, Hebrew Univ., Jerusalem, kindly provided this information).

William Ferguson, (18 July - Urquhart and Logie Weste) 1820-1887 (31 July - Colombo), was a British civil servant and amateur botanist in Ceylon from 1839 until he died. [Euptilota fergusonii Cotton]. He issued an informal exsiccata, Algae ceylanicae, with the specimens determined by the Austrialian (Berndorff) phycologist and diatom worker Albert Grunow, 1826-1914, of Austrian origin.

Robert L. Fernald, 1914-1983, US embryologist and marine invertebrate zoologist, during a period director of the Friday Harbor Laboratories, collected some of the type material of the copepod Doropygus fernaldi Illg, 1958, when dredging around Orcas Island in 1948. He was an embryology instructor at Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington [Lepidochitona fernaldi Eernisse, 1986, Cribrinopsis fernaldi Siebert A. E. and Spaulding J. G., 1976, Epiactis fernaldi Fautin D. G. and Chia F., 1986].

Mrs. Lisete Fernandes, 19??-, the wife of Mr. C.P. Fernandes of Lourenço Marques (=Maputu), who first noted Nesiocypraea lisetae (Kilburn, 1975).

Francisco "Xico" Fernandes, 19??-1996 (19 Jan.), Portuguese malacologist, working in Luanda, Angola [Turbonilla franciscoi Penas & Rolán, 1997, Marginella xicoi Boyer, Ryall & Wakefield, 1999, Polycera xicoi Ortea & Rolán, 1989, C. xicoi Röckel, 1987, Conus franciscoi Rolán & Röckel, 2000]. (See also Anabela for his daughter).

The polyplacophoran name Placophoropsis fernandezi J. Thiele, 1909, may likely be a tribute to Dr. Miguel Fernandez, 1882-1950, malacologist from Uruguay, who also published on tunicates.

The red algal name Polysiphonia fernandeziana Reis, 1977 is not in honour of a person's name, but was collected at Fernandez Island.

Dr. María Ana Fernández Álamo, 19??-, polychaetologist and plankton worker at Laboratorio de Invertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.

The gastropod name Cypraea fernandoi (Cate, 1969) is in honour of Fernando Dayrit (q.v.).

The hagfishes Myxine fernholmi Wisner & McMillan 1995, Paramyxine fernholmi (Kuo, Huang & Mok, 1994) & Eptatretus fernholmi Charmion, McMillan & Wisner, 2004 are named for Prof. Dr. Bo Fernholm, 1941-, at SMNH, Stockholm, who himself also has described some species of hagfish, e.g. the more deep living (deeper than around 600 m) of the two European species, Myxine ios Fernholm, 1981.

Dr. Franco Ferrara, 19??-, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Centro di Studio per la Faunistica ed Ecologia Tropicali, Firenze, Italy, is an isopod specialist. His name is honoured in several land isopods.

The White Sea monstrilloid name Monstrillopsis ferrarii Suárez-Morales & Ivanenko, 2004 is dedicated to Dr. Frank D. Ferrari, 19??-, zoologist at the NMNH, Smithsonian Institution "for his efforts to understand the biology and development of copepods and for his support to international researchers visiting NMNH" and the Bahamas calanoid name Fosshagenia ferrarii Suárez-Morales & Iliffe, 1996, must thus honour the same person.

Lacking information about Ferraro in the gastropod name Phalium ferraroi Bozzetti, 1989.

Dr. Antonio (Tony) Jose Fernandes Ferreira, (30 July - Lisboa) 1923-1986 (19 May), graduated from Lisboa University Medical School in 1948 and later became a medical doctor with a specialty in psychiatry in San Jose, California. From about 1974 until his death he was a very active amateur malacologist, pursuing the systematics of chitons quite extensively, and describing many new species. He became a research associate at the California Academy of Sciences, who authored numerous articles (>30) on the polyplacophora. He is honoured in the polyplacophoran names Mopalia ferreirai Clark, 1991, Lepidozona ferreirai Kaas and Van Belle, 1987 and Ferreiraella Sirenko, 1988 (a genus containing six species of sunken wood-feeding deep-water chitons) [Glabella ferreirai Alves, 1996, likely Trochus ferreirai Bozzetti, 1996, ]. (Andrew Vik, Tampa, Florida kindly provided some of this information and Dr. D. Eernisse kindly added still more).

Muraena bettencourti Osorio, 1909 was named for Dr. José Júlio Bettencourt Ferreira, (22 Mar. - Lisboa) 1866-19??, naturalist, mainly herpetologist (and physician) of Museu Bocage, Lisboa, Portugal. He was a disciple of du Bocage (q.v.) and published between 1891-1945.

The fish name Pseudaphya ferreri (de Buen & Fage, 1908) is not in honour of Miguel Rodríguez-Ferrer, 1815-1889, who published about Cuban natural history, but certainly of Jaume Ferrer Aledo, (Maó) 1856-1956 (Maó), Minorca ichthyologist, conservador del Museo del Ateneo de Mahon, who published on fish from the Balearian Islands, because the type locality is off Minorca.

Francisco Ferrer Hernández, 18??-1938 (Dec. - Barcelona (Necrológica in La Vanocardia 13 Dec. 1938)), at the Museo de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, was a student of Iberian sponges in the beginning of the 20:th century (he published between 1912 and 1933). At the end of his career he was employed by the Instituto Español de Oceanografía [Ferrerhernandezia De Laubenfels, 1936, Laxosuberites ferrerhernandezi Boury-Esnault & Lopes, 1985]. (Dr. Rob van Soest kindly provided much of this information and Dr. R. Giannuzzi-Savelli the Museum address).

The copepod name Idomene ferrieri (T. Scott, 1912) is a tribute to James G. Ferrier, 18??-19??, Edinburgh, honorary Secretary to the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition of W.S. Bruce and later personal secretary to Bruce.

James Henry Ferris, 1849-1925, US Malacologist.

Georges Henri Joseph Ferroniere, (5 June) 1875-1922 (29 Oct.), French marine biologist.

Prof. Baron André Étienne Justin Pascal Joseph François d'Audibert (or d'Audebard) de Férussac, (30 Dec. - Chartron, close to Lauzerte) 1786-1836 (21 Jan. - Paris), professor of Geography and Statistics at the school of the general's staff in Paris and the author of gen. Littorina [Parasquilla ferrusaci (Roux, 1828)]. He was the son of Baron Jean Baptiste Louis d'Audibert de Férussac, (Clérac ) 1745-1815 (Lauzerte), who published about molluscs during the first years of the 19:th century. The son published "Tableau systématique des animaux mollusques" in 1822 and continued a work initiated by his father: " Histoire naturelle générale et particulière des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles", which was published in 4 volumes between 1820-51 and was finished by Deshayes (q.v.).

Neogammarus festai Ruffo, 1937 and Neogonodactylus festae (Nobili 1901) are likely honouring Dr. Enrico Festa, (11 Aug.) 1868-1939 (30 Sep.), Italian natural history worker in Turin, who made numerous scientific collecting expeditions, i.a. to South America.

Lacking information about Feuerborn in the bryozoan name Reteporella feuerbornii Hass, 1948. Possibly a tribute to Heinrich Jacob Feuerborn, 1883-1979, who worked on lepidoptera (butterfly) development during the 1920s? Feuerborn, who was a nazi sympathizer during WW2, also have some insect names in his honour.

Dr. Jesse Walter Fewkes, (14 Nov. - Newton, Massachusetts) 1850-1930 (31 May), anthropologist, archaeologist, zoologist & ethnologist (working on rituals among Hopi Indians), PhD 1877 at Harward, undertook zoological collectings in California [Vermicularia fewkesi Yates, 1890, Idotea fewkesi Richardson, 1905, Dodecaceria fewkesi Berkeley & Berkeley, 1954].

Elysia fezi Vilella,1968 was named for the late Dr. Siro de Fez Sánchez, 1887-1967, Spanish (Valencia) malacologist.

Prof. Aline Fiala-Medioni, (13 Nov. - Algeria) 1941-, biologist of Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls sur Mer, discovered and collected Acharax alinae Métivier et Cosel, 1993. (Dr. Métivier, MNHN, Paris, kindly provided this information).

The copepod name Colobomatus fiatolae (Richiardi, 1880) is likely not directly honouring a person's name, but one of its host species may possibly be the blue butterfish Stromateus fiatola Linnaeus, 1758, which long has been known as fiatole by south French fishermen.

The ctenophore name Callianira ficalbi Curreri, 1900 may likely be in honour of the Italian entomologist (mosquito specialist) Eugenio Ficalbi, (S. Bonifacio) 1858-1922 (Firenze), Prof. of anatomy at the Univ. of Padova, later in Pisa.

Franz Xaver Fieber, (1 Mar. - Prag) 1807-1872 (22 Feb. - Chrudim), Austrian entomologist.

Lacking information about Fielden in the gastropod name Mangelia fieldeni van Aartsen & Fehr-de Wal, 1978. Possibly (but not very likely), however, a late tribute to the Arctic researcher H.W. Fielden (see Aldrich).

The sponge name Fieldingia Saville Kent, 1870 must honour Edward Fielding, 18??-1???, who during the summer 1870 together with Saville Kent took part in the dredging expedition with Marshall Hall (q.v.) and his yacht 'Norna' to Spain and Portugal and earlier had experience from dredgings, when he in company with Robert MacAndrew (q.v.) had been enlisted to dredge with him in the Red Sea. Possibly he may have been identical with an Edward Fielding born 1848/49 in Liverpool, where MacAndrew had kept his dredging yacht 'Naiad'.

Hypselodoris paulinae Gosliner & Johnson, 1999 is named for the Maui naturalist Pauline Fiene, 1961-, who i.a. is very interested in Hawaiian nudibranchs.

Mrs. Leslie Figgis, 19??-, from Exmouth, W. Australia [Xandarovula figgisae Cate, 1973].

Prof. Dr. Guillaume Louis Figuier, (15 Feb. - Montpellier) 1819-1894 (8 Nov. - Paris), French professor of chemistry and naturalist.

The decapod name Ephyrina figueirai Crosnier & Forest, 1973 is not a tribute to Alejandro Villalobos Figueroa, (31 Mar. - Pochutla, Oaxaca) 1918-1982 (23 Oct.. - Laguna de Tamiahua, Veracruz (drowning accident)), Mexican carcinologist, who is honoured in the subgenus Villalobosus Hobbs, 1972 of the genus Procambarus., but is in honour of the decapod worker Dr. Armando J.G. Figueira, 19??-, Museu Municipal do Funchal, Madeira (but from the 1970s publishing from Ottawa, Canada), who was active from the mid 1950s until at least the 1970s. (André Trombeta, Brazil, kindly provided part of this information).

FiKa : (see Niel Bruce).

Zinaida Alexeyevna Filatova, 1905-1984, Russian malacologist [Typhlotanais filatovae Kudinova-Pasternak, 1975, Choanostomellia filatovae (Zenkevitch, 1964)].

Dr. Antoine Pierre Henri Filhol, (11 May - Toulose) 1843-1902 (28 Apr. - Paris), French physician, palaeontologist, speleologist & zoologist (also working on dinoflagellates), who took part in the expeditions with "Travailleur" (1880, 1881, & 1882) and "Talisman" (1883) and ealier had taken part in the expedition with the New Caledonia based "Vire" to Cambell Island in 1874. [Baseodiscus filholi (Joubin, 1902), Filholia Bourguignat, 1881, Pectinaster filholi Perrier, 1885, Callianassa filholi A. Milne-Edwards, 1878, Elamene filholi De Man, 1888]. His father Édouard Jean Pierre Bernard Filhol, (7 Oct. - Toulose) 1814-1883, was conservator at the Toulose museum.

Ivan Nikola(j)evich Filipjev (or Filip'ev), (May - St Petersburg) 1889-1940 (22 Oct. - Alma-Ata), Russian nematodologist, who also did some mycology, worked in St. Petersburg until 1933, when he moved to Alma-Ata, Kazakshtan. [Filipjevia Kreis, 1928, Filipjeva Ditlevsen, 1928, Anticoma filipjevi Platonova, 1967, Dolicholaimus filipjevi Platonova & Mokievsky, 1994, Corythostoma filipjevi (Kreis, 1928), Halichoanolaimus filipjevi Allgén, 1953, Laimella filipjevi Jensen, 1979, Araeolaimus filipjewi Stekhoven & Adam, 1931, Ceramonema filipjevi de Coninck, 1942, Leptosomatum filipjevi Schuurmans-Stekhoven, 1950. Paracanthonchus filipjevi Micoletzky, 1924, Viscosia filipjevi Paramonov, 1929] (more about Filipjev)

Filippo de' Filippi, (66 Apr. - Torino) 1869-1938 (23 Sep. - Florence), Italian zoologist. "Filippo de' Filippi fu medico ed esploratore. Dopo aver partecipato alle spedizioni in Alaska nel 1897 e nel Karakorum nel 1909 con il duca degli Abruzzi, fu a capo della spedizione scientifica italiana che fra il 1913 e il 1914 percorse tutto il Turkestan cinese". (Dr. Riccardo Giannuzzi-Savelli kindly provided this information). Another exact namesake lived between 1814-67, and died in cholera onboard the Italian warship Magenta during an expedition, where Giglioli (q.v.) assisted this Prof. de Filippi (possibly the later author's grandfather?), who i.a. had published on birds.

Yuliya Arsenievna Filippova, 1934-, Russian malacologist, is honoured in the cephalopod name Todarodes filippovae Adam, 1975. She published on Commercial and mass cephalopods of the World Ocean (in Russian) in 1997.

Robin Michael (Mike) Filmer, 19??-, British malacologist, who has lived for more than 35 years in Australia, Philippines, other Asian areas and built up a large Conus collection. He is honoured in the Angolan gastropod name Conus filmeri Rolan & Rockel, 2000.

Lacking information about Finckh in the gastropod name Chrystella finckhi (Hedley, 1899).

Dr. Lloyd T. Findley, 19??-, University of Arizona (later in Sonora, Mexico), is honoured in the isopod name Colidotea findleyi Brusca and Wallerstein, 1977.

The gastropod names Conus finkli Petuch, 1987 & Homalopoma finkli Petuch, 1987 are in honour of Dr. Charles W. Finkl jr, 1941-, director of the Coastal Education and Research Foundation, Charlottesville, Virginia. (Dr. Riccardo Giannuzzi-Savelli, Palermo, kindly provided this information).

The malacologist Harold John Finlay, (22 Mar. - Comilla, India (now Bangladesh)) 1901-1951 (7 Apr. - Wellington), of New Zealand missionary parenthood, is honoured in the polyplacophoran name Leptochiton finlayi E. Ashby, 1929 [Ledella finlayi A. W. B. Powell, 1935, likely Bursa finlayi McGinty, 1962, likely Acteon finlayi McGinty, 1955]. He was educated as a geologist, working on mollusk shells, but also evolved to be a pioneer New Zealandic micropaleontologist working on foraminiferans, convinced by his cooperator John Marwick (q.v.) to do so, He was a lover of bridge and music (especially operas by Bizet, Verdi & Wagner), playing piano himself and composing music. (Andrew Vik, Tampa, Florida provided much of this information).

Prof. Harold Eugene Finley , 1905-1975, African US researcher at Howard University, is honoured in the rhynchodidan name Colligocineta finleyi Kozloff, 1976.

The fish name Conocara fiolenti Sazanov & Ivanov, 1979 is not honouring a person's name, but was named for the Russian ship R/V Fiolent.

Lacking informationn about Firing in the isopod name Gnathia firingae Müller, 1991.

Lacking information about the etymology of the gastropod name Ovatella firminii Payraudeau, 1826, but possibly a tribute to the French printer and typefounder Firmin Didot, (14 Apr.) 1764-1836 (24 Apr.), Paris, who also printed several malacological books

Prof. Sebastian Fischer, (10 Nov. - München) 1806-1871 (6 Oct.), who in 1855 described the genus Paradoxostoma, in which G.O. Sars (1866) first placed the species Cytherois fischeri, became professor of anatomy. For some years he served in Egypt (traveled also in Syria and Arabia) as an army surgeon. After that he was personal physician of duke Maximilian von Leuchtenberg in St Petersburg. When the duke died in 1853, Fischer returned to München, where he started publishing articles dealing with medicine and entomostracans.

Edouard Fischer-Piette, (3 July - Paris) 1899-1988 (6 Apr. - Bourg-la-Reine), French malacologist [possibly Chrysallida fischeri Hornung & Mermod, 1925, possibly Rissoina fischeri Desjardin, 1949], son of Dr. Pierre Marie Henri Fischer, 1865-1916, who often cooperated with Dautzenberg (q.v.) and some of his very good friends were Louis Pasteur and Pierre and Marie Curie and he was himself a son of Dr. Paul Henri Fischer, (7 July - Paris) 1835-1893 (29 Nov.), who was on board the expeditions with "Travailleur" (1880, 1881, & 1882) and "Talisman" (1883) [Schizomavella fischeri (Jullien, 1882), Epitonium fischeri (Watson, 1897), Alvania fischeri Jeffreys, 1884, Edwardsia fischeri Chevreux & de Guerne, Ammonicera fischeriana Monterosato, 1869, Benthonella fischeri Dall, 1889, Gaza fischeri Dall, 1889, Buccinum fischerianum Dall, 1871, Pycnodonte fischeri Dall, 1914, Verticordia fischeriana Dall, 1881, Marginella fischeri Bavay, 1902, Gregariella fischeri E. A. A. Locard, 1897]. Another one, Louise Fisher, 1871-1954, was his wife (daughter of the archaeologist Édouard Piette, 1827-1906, took over the management of Journal de Conchyliologie after her husbands death and continued to do so for almost 40 years), and the last editor of Journal de Conchyliologie, Paul Henri Fischer, (14 Feb.) 1898-2003 (14 Sep.), who - like Fischer-Piette - was P.M. Henri and L. Fischer's son and retired in 1963 but was active and continued to publish papers and books until high age, but died 105 years old in a nursing home in Sydney, Australia, where the family had moved after retirement, because their children had moved to this continent. P.H. Fischer's son Henri Jean Louis Fischer, 1936-, have worked on Antarctic mollusks and the daughter Danielle Genevieve, 1938-, helped her father with illustrations. The gastropod name Joculator fischeri Jay & Drivas, 2002 is likely honouring some of these persons.

Dr. Gustav Adolf Fischer, (3 Mar. - Bremen) 1848-1886 (11 Nov. - Berlin, of a bilious fever), German physician and malacological collector in eastern Africa. The compatriot namesake and malacologist Karl Gustav Adolf Fischer, 1874-1952, may possibly be a son?

Wilhelm E. Fischer, 18??-19??, German "Gephyrea" researcher, publishing between 1892-1931 [Paraspidosiphon fischeri (ten Broeke, 1925)]. (A person named Dr. Wilhelm Fischer, titled Botanist, died at an age of 85 in 30 Apr. 1970, but he is likely not identical).

The western central Atlantic skate name Pseudoraja fischeri Bigelow & Schroeder, 1954 was named in recognition of E. N. Fischer's skillful portrayals of elasmobranchs, but who was E.N. Fischer? He made drawings for Bigelow and Shroeder, regarding their publications on fishes from the Gulf of Maine.

Fischer de Waldheim : (see Waldheim).

Conus fischoederi Röckel & Da Motta, 1983 was named for Mr. Horst Fischöder, 19??-, malacologist of Stuttgart, Germany.

Prof. Em. Jacob H. Fischthal , 19??-, Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York, is honoured in the digenean name Pseudopycnodena fischthali Saad-Fares & Maillard, 1986.

Prof. Em. Lev Fishelson, 1923-, Israelic aquatic zoologist at the Tel Aviv Univ. [Doridicola fishelsoni (Stock, 1967), Sinularia fishelsoni Verseveldt, 1970].

Dr. Walter Kenrick Fisher, (1 Feb. - Ossining, New York) 1878-1953 (2 Nov. - Carmel Valley), of the Stanford University (and director of the Hopkins Marine Station between 1917-43) echinoderm taxonomist, who also published much on "gephyreans". He and Ed Ricketts (q.v.) were "incompatible" (Fisher had tried to stop the publication of Between Pacific Tides) , so Ricketts had to wait for Fisher to be away in order to sneak in to the library of Hopkins Marine Station when he needed to find out something from this extensive resource of the station, but Fisher still named a an echiurid worm for Ricketts' friend Steinbeck (q.v.) in 1946. [Thalassometra fisheri Clark, 1908, Nephantia fisheri Rowe & Marsh, 1982, Callistochiton fisheri W. H. Dall, 1919, Astroceramus fisheri Koehler, 1909, Themiste fisheri Amor, 1964, Fisherana Stephen, 1965]. His father Dr. Albert Kenrick Fisher, (21 Mar. - Sing Sing (Ossining), New York) 1856-1948 (12 June - Washington, D.C.), was an ornithologist and vertebrate zoologist, working much in the western part of USA.

Prof. Charles R. Fisher, 1954-, professor of biology at Pennsylvania State University, is honoured in the bivalve name Tamu fisheri Turner, Gustafson, Lutz & Vrijenhoek, 1998. (Kevin A. Zelnio - one of his students - kindly provided this information).

Lacking information about Fisher in the cephalopod name Megalocranchia fisheri Berry, 1909, but possibly W.K. Fisher or his father (above)?

John Edgar Fitch, (27 June - San Diego) 1918-1982 (30 Sep.), director of the US Fisheries Laboratory, provided specimens of Octopus fitchi Berry, 1953 and Terebra fitchi Berry, 1958 and published about bivalves and fishes [Penitella fitchi Turner, 1955]. (Dr. Eugene V. Coan, California, kindly provided the year of birth).

Lacking information about Fitch in the copepod name Anthessius fitchi Illg, 1960, possibly John Edgar Fitch?. Another namesake is Dr. Henry Sheldon Fitch, (25 Dec. - Utica, NY) 1909-2009 (8 Sep. - Stillwater, Oklahoma), US zoologist, with a broad interest in zoology, but mainly interested in herpetology and still collecting snakes in 2006.

Lacking information about Fitzgerald in the nematode name Xyzzors fitzgeraldae Inglis,1963, but possibly the jazz singer Ella Jane Fitzgerald, (25 Apr.) 1917-1996 (15 June), who is at least honoured in a cestod parasite of a South American fresh water sting ray, Potamotrygonocestus fitzgeraldae F.P.L. Marques, 2000. Likely not the US protozoologist / parasitologist Paul Ray Fitzgerald, (2 May - Elsinore, Utah) 1920-1998 (22 Sep. - Springville, Utah), because of the female ending of the specific name.

Dr. J. Kirk Fitzhugh, (Dallas, Texas) 19??-, Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, has an interest in the Sabellidae and Nereillidae.

FitzRoy : (see Darwin).

The ciliate name Aspidisca fjeldi Dragesco, 1960, is a tribute to the Norwegian protistologist Per Espen Fjeld, 19??-, Zoological Laboratory, University of Oslo (later at Norwegian Polar Institute, Oslo and still later at Statens Naturoppsyn), publishing from Drøbak in the Oslo Fjord in 1955 and 1956.

Dr. h.c. (at Uppsala Univ. in 1907) Charles Henri Marie Flahault, (3 Oct. - Bailleul (Nord)) 1852-1935 (3 Feb. - Montpellier), French botanist, mainly working on cryptogams.

Dr. Hugo Flecker, (7 Dec. - Prahran, Victoria) 1884-1957 (25 June - Cairns), Australian physician and radiologist with Hungarian roots. From 1945 on, he wrote several articles about human wounds, afflicted by the - in that time unknown - Chironex fleckeri Southcott, 1956 in Med. J. Australia. The author of this species, Dr. Ronald Vernon Southcott, (15 May) 1918-1998 (9 Apr.), was an Australian physician, acarologist and naturalist.

The Scottish clergyman, zoologist and geologist Prof. John Fleming, (10 Jan. - Kirkroads, near Bathgate in Linlithgowshire) 1785-1857 (18 Nov. - Edinburgh), published i.a "The Philosophy of Zoology; ..." in 1822 and "A History of British Animals" in 1828 (2nd ed. in -42). He was professor in Aberdeen and Edinburgh and a close friend of Murchison (q.v., see also Wallich) [Amphiblestrum flemingi (Busk, 1854), Beroe flemingii (Eschscholts, 1829), likely Polinices flemingianus Récluz, 1844]. His son Dr. Andrew Fleming, 1822-1901, worked as a surgeon in the East India Company army and made large collections of geological/palaeontological specimens for different museums and several fossils are named after him. Another Dr. John Fleming, F.R.S., 1747-1829, was a surgeon and botanist / zoologist and lived a long time in India.

Prof. Dr. Richard (Dick) Howell Fleming, (21 Sep. - Victoria, Canada) 1909-1989 (25 Oct.), Dept. of Oceanography, Univ. of Washington, is honored by the authors of Lubbockia flemingi Heron & Damkaer, 1978 "for our memorable introduction to oceanography". He was Oceanographer and Chairman of the Department of Oceanography at the University of Washington, Seattle (1951-1967). He had obtained his Ph.D. from Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Co-author of "The Oceans" (1942) with Sverdrup (q.v.) and Martin Johnson (q.v.). (Dr. D. Damkaer kindly provided this information).

Sir Charles Alexander Fleming, (9 Sep. - Auckland) 1916-1987 (11 Sep. - Wellington), New Zealand geologist and malacologist, is honoured in the bivalve name Maorithyas flemingi A. W. B. Powell, 1955. He was also very interested in science history, publishing many obituaries himself.

Prof. Dr. Abraham Fleminger, (4 Feb. - New York City) 1925-1988 (13 Jan. - La Jolla), was most interested in the geographical distribution/speciation of marine fauna, especially copepods. He graduated from Brooklyn College (New York) and then earned a masters and doctorate under Elizabeth Deichmann (q.v.) at Harvard. After a short stay with the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service in Texas, he joined the Scripps Institution of Oceanography where he became Professor of Biological Oceanography with his older colleague Martin Johnson (q.v.). Fleminger remained at Scripps for the rest of his life. See biography by F. Ferrari in Journal of Crustacean Biology 8:490-492. Marine copepods Paroithona flemingeri Ferrari & Bowman, 1980, Neocalanus flemingeri Miller, 1988, and Ridgewayia flemingeri Othman & Greenwood, 1988 recall his respected name. (Dr. D. Damkaer kindly provided this information).

Mrs. Howard L. Fletcher (unmarried name: Hyde, Eva Maye), 1894-1965, of Redlands, Calif., shell collector [Olivella fletcherae Berry, 1958].

The isopod name Mirabilicoxa fletcheri Paul & George, 1975 is not in honour of a person's name, but was found at Fletcher's Ice Island close to the Arctic. This island (also named T-3) was in fact a gigantic flat iceberg, detected by the U.S. Air Force Colonel Joseph O. Fletcher, (Montana) 1920-, which during decades was inhabited by both militariy and scientific staffs from time to time, but is now thought to have melted down during drift southwards (after 1983, when it last time was seen).

The foraminiferan name Cibicides fletcheri Galloway & Wissler, 1927, is likely a tribute to Mr. Corbin D. Fletcher, 18??-19??, Shreveport Louisiana, who published on geology of his home state in e.g. 1929.

The Bass Strait cumacean species Dicoides fletti Hale, 1946 was named for Capt. A. Flett, 1???-, Master of the "Warren"

The gastropod name Thais flindersi A. Adams & G. F. Angas, 1864, the scaphopod name Paradentalium flindersi Cotton & Ludbrook, 1938 and the bivalve name Placamen flindersi (Cotton & Godfrey, 1938) are likely honouring the navigator and explorer Matthew Flinders, (16 Mar. - Donington, Lincolnshire) 1774-1814 (London), who was captain of the British "Investigator" expedition to S. Australia in 1801-02. He was later taken prisoner by the French and was kept on Mauritius for 7 years until he could return to London in 1810.

The naval medical director Dr. James Milton Flint, (7 Feb. - Hillsborough, New Hampshire) 1838-1919 (21 Nov. - Washington, D.C.), published in 1899 on the foraminiferans dredged by the US steamer Albatross, where he was surgeon [Nodosaria flintii Cushman, 1923, Dentalina flintii Cushman, 1923, Siphotextularia flinti (Cushman), Gaudryina flintii Cushman, 1911, Munida flinti Benedict, 1902].

The name Apodinium floodi McLetan & Galt, 1990, a dinoflagellate ectoparasitic on Oikopleura labradorensis, must honour the Norwegian appendicularian researcher Dr. Per R. Flood, (Bergen) 1941-, at the Univ. of Bergen. He achieved his MD in 1968 and is also a PhD. He is especially well-known for his good pictures of appendicularian houses.

The coral name Montipora floweri Wells, 1954 is hardly a tribute to Sir William Henry Flower, 1831-1899, British osteologist, publishing much about whale bones. A much more likely candidate is the very excentric Prof. Dr. Rousseau Haynor Flower, (21 Mar. - near Troy, New York) 1913-1988 (27 Feb. - New Mexico), entomologist (educated at the Cornell Univ.), who during the 1930s turned into palaeontology, became one of the most productive palaeontologists of the century and who published on colonial corals in 1961 in New Mexico, where he worked from 1951 (the same year as he had married) on. He used to be dressed in a cowboy equipment, also wearing pistols, was a music lover, who skilfully played violoncello, violin, piano and organ and also composed music and was an extreme chain smoker, smoking also in the shower.

Rev. William Henry Fluck, (22 Feb. - Philadelphia) 1870-1948 (17 Apr. - Brattleboro, Vermont), US Malacologist, collecting much in Nicaragua. [Crassispira flucki (Brown & Pilsbry, 1913)]

Flynn : (see George Williams).

Dr. Russel Earle Foerster, 1899-1978, Canadian zoologist, a disciple of C. McLean Fraser (q.v.) at the Univ. of British Columbia. His thesis dealt with hydromedusae, but later he turned to fisheries biology [Foersteria Arai & Brinkmann-Voss, 1980, Leuckartiara foersteri Arai & Brinckmann-Voss, 1980].

The German palaeontologist R. Förster, 19??-, specialized in Decapoda, publishing at least until 1987, is honoured in the crab name Dicranodromia foersteri Guinot, 1993.

The diatom names Fogedia A. Witkowski, H. Lange-Bertalot & D. Metzeltin, Achnanthes fogedii Håkansson, 1974 and Lyrella fogedii Witkowskii, Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin, 2000 is a tribute to the Danish algae researcher Dr. Niels Aage Johannes Foged, (5 Feb. - a farm in N. Jutland) 1906-1988. During WW2 he was active in the Danish anti nazi movement and was almost killed by nazists two times (e.g. shot in his home), but was hidden by friends in an old prison and got time to read Hustead's book about diatoms while waiting (and when the nazists took over the old prison he lived under the false name Jørgen Larsen (and grewing a beard) in the home of the physician Dr. Helms, who had operated Foged after he had been shot) and after the war he again became a teacher at Odense Katedralskole and began publishing a lot about diatoms.

Prof. Dr. Wilhelm Foissner, (18 Aug. - Wartberg ob der Aist) 1948-, Universität Salzburg, Institut für Zoologie, Austria, is honoured in the ciliate name Holosticha foissneri Petz, Song & Wilbert, 1995.

Professor Hermann Fol, (23 July - Saint Mandé (France)) 1845-1892 (Mar.), working in Geneva as cytologist. He studied in Jena under Haeckel (q.v.) and Gegenbaur (q.v.) and after that in Geneva under Carl Vogt (q.v.). In 1879 he was the first researcher to see the fertilization of an animal ovum (Marthasterias glacialis), an observation that Pringsheim (q.v.) earlier had made in plants. He and his compatriot Sarasin (q.v.) made experiments with the disapperance of light in water at the Riviera, and Fol himself used a diving equipment during these studies. He established two marine laboratories, the first in Messina. In 1886 he left Geneva for Villefranche (close to Nice), where he in 1880 had established a marine laboratory. Fol disappeared in 1892 without any trace together with his crew (two persons) and the research yacht, the "Aster", which he had fitted out by own means, when going on a research trip, starting 13 March, in order to study sponge distribution at the coast of Tunisia, leaving a widow (Mlle Bourrit, to whom he had married in the early 1870s) [Folia Lohmann, 1892, Zausoscidia foli Haller, 1879].

Léopold Alexandre Guillaume, marquis de Folin, 1817-1896, capitaine du port de Bayonne, French malacologist, taking part in the expeditions with "Travailleur" (1880, 1881, & 1882) and "Talisman" (1883), but as commandant of the port of Bayonne, he had earlier been dredging for years in that area and when Jeffreys (q.v.) in 1878 visited him, he was urged by his British colleague to ask the French government for funds and a vessel to explore the deep parts of Biscay. This resulted in establishing a deep sea expedition commisson under H. Milne Edwards (q.v.) (leaving the practical work to his son) and eventually the expeditions with Travailleur & Talisman. He was a specialist of the Caecidae and Pyramidellidae families, but also described some non malacological creatures, like foraminiferans. The naturalist Morelet (q.v.) married de Folin's sister Noémie, so they became brothers-in-law. [Scleroconcha folini (Brady, 1871), Setosella folini (Jullien, 1882), Eccliseogyra folini (Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1897), Protosquilla folini (A. Milne-Edwards, 1867), Yoldiella folini Warén, 1978, Pharcidella folinii Dall, 1889] {de Folin and his men collecting and observing at Cape Breton}.

The Swedish researcher Fil. kand. Folke Folkeson, 18??-19??, published on corals in 1919 and is honoured in the coral name Flabellum folkesoni Cairns, 1998. He later (e.g. in 1931) published on other biological items.

Dr. Justus Watson Folsom, (2 Sep. - Cambridge, Mass.) 1871-1936 (24 Sep. - Vicksburg, Mississippi), US entomologist at US Bureau of Entomology, who i.a. published on collembols [Folsomia Willem, 1902].

Lacking information about Fontaine in the tanaid name Apseudomorpha fontainei Gutu, 1987

The gastropod name Ceratostoma fontainei G. W. Tryon, 1880 may possibly be a tribute to the US geologist Prof. William Morris Fontaine, (1 Dec.) 1835-1913 (22 Apr.), Professor of Natural History and Geology at the University of Virginia.

Lacking information about the etymology of the cephalopod name Robsonella fontaniana (d'Orbigny, 1834), but perhaps a tribute to Pierre-Antoine Fontana, 1???-18??, “capitaine d'armes de première classe" aboard the frigate “La Vénus" commanded by du Petit-Thouars during the circumnavigation in 1836-39, if he possibly had participated in an earlier collecting adventure?

Eulimella fontanae Van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000 was named for Mrs. Maria Antonietta Fontana Angioy, 19??-, editor of the journal "La Conchiglia".

Lacking information about Fontandrau in the gastropod name Hypselodoris fontandraui Pruvot-Fol, 1951.

Charles François Fontannes, (Lyon) 1839-1886 (Dec.), French malacologist.

The West Indian gastropod name Turbonilla fonteini de Jong & Coomans, 1988 is in honour of the shell collector P.F. (Frits?) Fontein, 19??-,.

Prof. Dr. Edward Forbes, (12 Feb. - Douglas) 1815-1854 (18 Nov. - Edinburgh), influential British marine zoologist from the Isle of Man. Reluctantly he studied medicine - already when young his inclination was towards natural history - in Edinburgh (where he shared an apartment with the Goodsir brothers (q.v.) and George Edward Day, 1815-1872, (later becoming Prof. of Anatomy at St Andrews) - for that matter, the same apartment, which C. Darwin (q.v.) had used during his medical studies there a few years earlier and now occupied by the Royal Scottish Museum). Already as a young man at the Isle of Man, he began to use the dredge and he continued with this together with different new friends, among whom were MacAndrew (q.v.), Barlee (q.v.), Jeffreys (q.v.), William Thompson (q.v.) and Robert Ball (q.v.). At the Birmingham Meeting of the British Association a "dredging committee" was appointed. Beside the ruling spirit Forbes and the last two gentlemen mentioned above the committee was under superintendence of J.E. Gray (q.v.), Goodsir (q.v.), Patterson (q.v.), Johnston (q.v.), James Smith of Jordanhill (q.v.) and Mr. Arthur Strickland of Yorkshire (dates unknown), representing different regional branches of the committee*. Later also more local branches appeared, e.g. represented in Belfast by Hyndman (q.v.), in Dublin by Kinahan (q.v.) & E.P. Wright (q.v.), in East England by the tea merchant Henry Tuke Mennell, (Scarborough, Yorkshire) 1835-1925 (Scarborough), and Brady (q.v.), etc. During the summer 1933 he travelled in a brig to Arendal, south Norway, making natural history observations, continued to Christiania (Oslo) and Copenhagen, where he befriended some persons having similar interests as he had. Politically he was Tory, jingoistic and rather reactionary, manifested in his view upon foreigners and women, although open for new knowledge and experience. Forbes participated in a Mediterranean expedition with "Beacon" in 1841-42, got many impressions (one formulated as the famous, but false, postulate that species diversity in the sea rapidly is decreasing with depth, implying azoic conditions below ca 300 fathoms - Sven Lovén (q.v.) arrived at a similar conclusion around the same time) and malaria as well, the latter contributing to a continuous weak health. Became FRS in 1845. The rest of his short life he spent between a professorship in botany at King's College in London, a curatorship in the Geological Society and with collecting and describing animals from the sea, mainly echinoderms, molluscs and medusae and taking part of the biological and philosophical debate in a very broad sense. However, he left London and moved to Edinburgh, half a year before his death, which was caused by failing kidneys aggravated by his malaria. In spite of his short life, the work of Forbes had a stimulating effect on the development within many disciplins of biology several decades after his decease. His last book "The Natural History of the European Seas" was edited and continued by his friend, the geologist and palaeogeographer Robert Alfred Cloyne Godwin-Austen, (17 Mar. - Guildford, England) 1808-1884 (25 Nov. - Guildford), F.R.S., who published it in 1859. Godwin-Austen's family name by birth was only Austen, but added his wife's namne Godwin when they married in 1833. The British Liut.- Colonel and malacologist (mainly interested in non marine species) Henry Haversham Godwin-Austen, (6 July) 1834-1923 (2 Dec.), who served for many years in India, until retirement in 1877, was his son [Travisia forbesi Johnston, 1840, Enalcyonium forbesi (T. Scott, 1901), Pagurus forbesii Bell, 1846, Ophioconis forbesi (Heller, 1863), Vannuccia forbesi (Mayer, 1894), Parambasia forbesi Walker & Scott, 1903, Anacropora forbesi Ridley 1884, Tonicia forbesii P. P. Carpenter, 1856, Loligo forbesi Steenstrup, 1856, Asterias forbesi (Desor, 1848), Thais forbesi R. W. Dunker, 1853, Boergesenia forbesi (Harvey) Feldmann]. E. Forbes' brother David Forbes, (6 Sep. - Douglas, Isle of Man) 1828--1876 (5 Dec. - London), became a geologist and ethnographer and became FRS in 1858. * Beside those naturalists, who actually specialized in one or several taxa and published on their findings, a network of collecting naturalists - "correspondents" - was established, reporting and sending specimens to other naturalists, but only occasionally or never published their own findings (at least if the specimens belonged to a group beside their own center of interest). Such persons were e.g. Hassall (q.v.), Templeton (q.v.), R.Q. Couch (q.v.), Embleton (q.v.), Dr. Coldstream (q.v.), J. Macgillivray (q.v.), Mrs. Griffiths (q.v.), Peach (q.v.), Mr. George Don jr. of Forfar, Angusshire, (17 May - Forfarshire) 1798-1856 (25 Feb. - Kensington), who first worked as a gardener close to Edinburgh and in 1821-32 collected plants in Madeira, Sierra Leone, Sào Tomé, Brazil and the West Indies for the Royal Horticultural Society and during his last part of life worked as a gardener in London (his father and namesake, 1764-1814, was a good field-bryologist), Prof. (of Natural History in Edinburgh) Robert Jameson of Frith of Forth, (July - Leith, near Edinburgh) 1774-1854 (19 Apr. - Edinburgh), W.H. Harvey of Dublin (q.v.), Miss Margaret Dale , 1???-18??, of Whitburn (who i.a. collected botany together with her sister Frances), William Jackson jr., 1820-1848, taylor and botanist in Dundee, William Wilson Saunders, (Little London, Wendover, Bucks) 1809-1879 (13 Sep. - Worthing, Sussex), of Hastings, entomologist and botanist,, John Hogg , 1800-1869 (brother of Thomas Jefferson Hogg, 1792-1862, the poet Shelley's friend and first biographer; J. Hogg was educated in Cambridge as a classical scholar, specializing in law, but was also very interested in natural history and was the first person to recognize a 4:th kingdom Primigenum or Protoctista (beside Linnaeus' kingdoms plants, animals and minerals) in 1860, preferring these names (the last one from Gr. ctista = created beings) instead of Goldfuss' name from 1820 Protozoa, because he did not consider them to be animals, because they lacked muscles) of Norton House, the Durham area, etc. Forbes close friend and coworker John Goodsir, moved in into Forbes' Edinburgh apartment after Forbes' death and occupied it intermittently for the rest of his life and was then buried in a plot adjacent to Forbes in Edinburgh's Dean Cemetery.

Dr. Stephen Alfred Forbes, (29 May - Silver Creek, Illinois) 1844-1930 (13 Mar. - Urbana, Illinois), US ecologist (ichthyologist, entomologist, botanist) working in Illinois.

Dr. Lothar Hendrich Emil Wilhelm Forcart-Müller, (10 Dec. - Basel (added Müller to his family name in Dec. 1937, when he married Ann Müller)) 1902-1990 (Basel), malacologist. [Paramastus forcarti Zilch, 1951, Forcartia Clench & Turner, 1962, Forcartiella Riedel, 1966, Oxychilus forcartianus Giusti, 1969, Deroceras lothari Giusti, 1971, Turanena forcartiana Schnell, 1979].

George Henry Ford, 1809-76, was the son of an English farmer in the Cape Colony, who as a child broke his hip when he was tossed by a cow. He was engaged by Dr. Sir Andrew Smith, (3 Dec. - Hawick, Roxburghshire) 1797-1872 (12 Aug.), physician and zoologist, to make drawings and paintings of specimens he collected in South Africa and Ford was also employed by the Museum of Cape Town in 1825 and is reputed to have been one of the most accurate and sensitive animal artists of the century. Ford followed Smith back to London in 1837 and became employed as an (mainly lithographic) artist at the British Museum of Natural History, where he stayed for the rest of his life. Before Smith left South Africa, he met Darwin, when the Beagle touched Cape in May 1836 and they became life long letter friends.

The bivalve name Circomphalus fordi (L.G. Yates, 1890) is a tribute to Henry Chapman Ford, (6 Aug. - Livonia, New York) 1828-1894 (27 Feb. - Santa Barbara), artist educated in Paris and Florence during the end of the 1850s, who in 1875 moved from Chicago to Santa Barbara and became president of of the Santa Barbara Society of Natural History (and the Horticultural Society of Santa Barbara). (More info). (David Hollombe, Los Angeles, kindly provided this sinformation).

The gastropod name Oliva lignaria fordi Johnson, 1910 may likely be a tribute to John Ford, 1827-1910, connected with the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, who published much on Olividaea and Cypraeidae. His daughter Carrie married Alpheus Hyatt (q.v.).

Prof. Jacques Forest, 1920-, crustacean researcher at the NMHN, Paris, who began publishing during the 1950s [Asymmetrione foresti (Bourdon, 1968), Jolivetya foresti Cals, 1986, Sicyonia foresti Rossignol, Cyathidium foresti Cherbonnier & Guille, 1972, Podocallichirus foresti (Le Loeuff & Intès, 1974), Caryophyllia foresti Zibrowius, 1980, Leptochiton foresti (Leloup, 1981), Niso foresti Bouchet & Warén, 1986, Haploniscus foresti Chardy, 1974, Brachynotus foresti Zariquiey-Alvarez, 1968, Thalamita foresti Crosnier, 1962, Alainosquilla foresti Moosa, 1991, Paramunna foresti Carvacho, 1977, Dromia foresti McLay, 1993, Brazilserolis foresti (Bastida & Torti, 1970), Lophopagurus foresti McLaughlin & Gunn, 1992, Lophopagurus foresti Zarenkov, 1989, Lembos foresti Mateus & Mateus 1966, Upogebia foresti Nguyen, 1989, Arcoscalpellum foresti Rosell, 1989, Lumbricalus adriatica foresti (Fauvel & Rullier, 1959), Porcellanopagurus foresti Zarenkov, 1989, Ascorhynchus foresti Stock, 1991, Forcepia foresti Lévi & Lévi, 1989, Trachycarcinus foresti Guinot, 1989, Leucosia foresti Chen, 1989, Platypodia foresti Serene, 1984, Forestia Guinot, 1976, Processa foresti Noel, 1985, Eurysquilla foresti Moosa, 1985, Ethusa foresti Chen, 1985, Periclimenes foresti A.J. Bruce 1981, Nematopsis foresti (Theodorides 1967), Nuculana foresti Metivier, 1982, Psilopsea foresti d'Hondt, 1981, Holothuria (Theelothuria) foresti Cherbonnier & Feral, 1981, Alpheus foresti Banner & Banner, 1981, Paralophogaster foresti Bacescu, 1981, Strengeriana foresti Rodriguez, 1980, Eucheilota foresti Goy, 1979, Idmidronea foresti Buge, 1979, Megachelione foresti Bourdon, 1968, Palaemonella foresti A.J. Bruce, 2001, Ventricolaria foresti Fischer-Piette & Testud, 1967, likely Jacquesia de Saint Laurent & McLaughlin, 1999].

Dr. Carlo Fornasini, (Poggio Renatico) 1854-1931, Italian geologist and micro palaeontologist, who published on foraminiferans and of good help to his professor Capellini (q.v.), is honoured in the foraminiferan names Trifarina fornasinii (Selli, 1948), Pyrgo fornasinii Chapman & Parr and Angulogerina fornasinii Selli, 1948.

The harpacticoid name Forficatocaris lilianae Noodt, 1972 is in honour of Dr. Liliana Forneris, (29 Jan.) 1929-, Dept. de Zoologia, São Paulo [Ercolania lilianae (Marcus, 1969)]. (Luiz Ricardo L. Simone, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, kindly provided the date).

The octocoral name Eugorgia forreri Studer, 1883 is honouring Alfonse Forrer, (London) 1836-1899 (15 Mar. - Santa Cruz, Cal.), who after his youth in England studied in Zürich and shortly thereafter emigrated to USA, wher he took part in the civil war on the north side, after which he became a collector of natural objects (birds, birds eggs, mammals, snakes, lizards, etc.) in the SW USA and adjacent parts of Mexico for the British Museum. After settling in Santa Cruz, he and his wife also collected animals from the sea at low tide. Also the gastropod genus name Forreria Jousseaume, 1880 is a tribute to the same person. (Robert Dees, Laguna Niguel, California, kindly sent the link to an obituary pdf file about Forrer, from which the information above is collected).

The tanaid name Leptochelia forresti (Stebbing, 1896), is likely a tribute to Mr. William Robert Forrest, 18??-19??, of Saint John, who later sent specimens to Stebbing from Antigua and married in 1899, so likely born during the 1870s and lived at least in 1915.

Mr. H.W. Forrest, 1???-, of Napier, made the trawler "Kotuku" available for a trawling expedition in Hwake Bay, New Zealand [Cirsotrema forresti Dell,1956].

Dr. Petter Fors(s)kål, (11 Jan. - Finland) 1732-1763 (11 July - Jerim, Yemen), Finnish-Swedish disciple of Linnaeus; participated in a Danish collecting expedition to Egypt and Arabia Felix (Yemen) in 1761-67, where he died of malaria. He was highly esteemed by Linnaeus and considered as an energetic, eager beaver with a sense of details as well as entirety. However, some of his contemporaries regarded him to be "stubborn, quarrelsome and rude", i.e. rather undiplomatic, which he certainly could be, when he felt that wrong decisions had been taken [Aequorea forskalea Péron & Lesueur, 1810, Holothuria forskali Delle Chiaje, 1823, Forskalia Kölliker, 1853, Beroe forskalii Milne Edwards, 1841, Pegantha forskalii (Haeckel, 1879), Telmatactis forskalii (Ehrenberg, 1834), Murex forskoehlii Röding, 1798, Pleurobranchus forskalii Rueppell & Leuckart, 1831, Natica forskalii L. A. Reeve, 1855, Echinopora forskaliana (M. Edwards & Haime, 1850)]. Of initially 6 members (e.g. the German professor of Oriental languages Frederick Christian von Haven (1727-1763 (25 May)), the Danish physician Christian Carl Kramer ((19 Jan.- København) 1732-1764 (10 Feb. - Bombay)), the German painter and copper engraver Georg Wilhelm Baurenfeind ((Nürnberg)1728-1763 (29 Aug.)), the Swedish expedition servant and dragoon colonel Berggren (17??-1763 (30 Aug.)) in this expedition only Carsten Niebuhr, (17 Mar. - Lüdingworth) 1733-1815 (26 Apr. - Meldorf) (German/Danish, born in Holstein - at that time a Danish duchy; a son of a peasant, who had studied theology and mathemathics in Hamburg and lived for some time in Göttingen) survived. Most of what the expedition had collected, arrived to Copenhagen, thanks to Niebuhr and those of his companions, who had survived the malaria in Yemen and took off for Bombay, but two of the expedition members were so sick, so they died on the ship (Baurenfeind & Berggren) and the last one - beside Niebuhr - Kramer, died in Bombay. However, Ascanius (q.v.) who was responsible for the collections in Copenhagen,. did not open the parcels, so his successor Brünnich (q.v.) had to throw away a great part of the collections, which had rottened or else been destroyed because the ethanol had evaporated when he took over the responsibility. The expedition started in rough conditions on board the ship "Grönland" - several saylors lost their lifes in storms and accidents - visiting Gibraltar, Marseille, Malta and Konstantinopel before they took away to Rhodos and later arrived in Alexandria, from where they had to go by land in Egypt to Suez. Kramer had meanwhile found out that von Haven had no scientific ambitions, but planned to poison his shipmates by arsenic in order to get the ships purse, so they had some problems with this member of the expedition. October 9 1762 they left Suez on a large sailing ship, reaching Jidda Oct. 29 and Lohaja Dec. 29. All went well until they arrived in Mocka (Mocha), where most things began to go terribly wrong. Malaria and hostility from inhabitants started here, but thanks to the one who first went sick - and the only one surviving the expedition - they eventually could leave for Bombay. Forsskål had already as a child learned Hebrew and during the expedition he had learned the Arabic dialect in the area so fast and well that he and his closest friend Niebuhr made trips in Arabic clothes and were often considered to be Arabs by people they met. Niebuhr became later very disappointed in Linnaeus, who named a herb looking like a nettle after Forsskål, considering it as an insult, because in his eyes Forsskål would have been the most learnded person in Europe if he had survived the trip. "He was laborious, despising all dangers, troubles and privations. His shortcomings, however, were his lust of discussions, his wilfulness and hotness". The expedition never found out why this part of the world was named Arabia Felix (the happy Arabia), a name due to a mistranslation of the Arabian word Yemen, meaning the right hand or right side, and in arabic tradition (and some other traditions) right is better than left and the right hand is considered finer (more "happy") than the "dirty" left hand. However, the country Yemen simply is the country to the right.

Dr. Bror Forsman, 1905-1980, Swedish crustacean researcher; dissertation in 1938 on Skagerrak Cumaceans, after that mainly working as a teacher in Kalmar but interested in the genus Jaera, about which he wrote some papers [Jaera forsmani Bocquet, 1950].

The Cestoda name Tetrabothrius forsteri (Krefft, 1871) is likely a tribute to the Queensland resident (Mary River squatter) William Forster, (16 Oct. - Madras, India) 1818-1882 (30 Oct. - Edgecliff), who also was a good (often satirical) poet and a politician and is honoured in the name of the Australian Lungfish Neoceratodus forsteri Krefft, 1870 because Forster brought the fish to the attention of Gerard Krefft, when he served it as dinner. Forster was a son of an army surgeon. The German naturalist and philosopher Johann Reinhold Forster, (22 Oct. - Dirschau) 1729-1798 (9 Dec. - Halle), who published on the 2:nd voyage of the "Resolution" (1772-75), in which he took part (together with Cook) and his eldest son Johann George Adam Forster, (27 Nov. - Nassenhuben (Mokry Dwór), Royal Prussia) 1754-1794 (10 Jan. - Paris), who was the official artist on the same circumnavigation are two partial namesakes [Latridopsis forsteri (Castelnau, 1872) (which is very similar to Latridopsis ciliaris (Forster, in Bloch & Schneider, 1801)), also the Emperor penguin name Aptenodytes forsteri George Robert Gray, 1844 (because J.R. Forster described 4 other species of penguins in 1781 (of the 17 or 18 species known) and his son had made drawings of several penguins, including one of an Emperor penguin, which G.R. Gray, 1808-1872, used as the type in his description)]

Sir Clive Forster-Cooper, (3 Apr. - London) 1880-1947 (23 Aug.), F.R.S., British paleontologist, who also described some living marine animals. He served as director of the Natural History Museum, London from 1938 until the end of his life.

The gastropod name Polinices fortunei L. A. Reeve, 1865 and the bivalve name Limnoperna fortunei R. W. Dunker, 1857 may likely be tributes to Robert Fortune, (16 Sep. - Kelloe in Berwickshire) 1813-1880 (13 Apr. - London), travelling botanist, who visited China, Formosa, Japan and India to collect plants.

Michael Heggelund Foslie, (21 Oct. - Borge, Vestvågøy) 1855-1909 (9 Nov. - Trondheim), Norwegian bryologist and phycologist. He was curator at Tromsø Museum between 1875-92 and after that he became curator of the Museum of the Royal Norwegian Society of Science and Letters in Trondheim. His Opus Magnus "Contribution to a Monograph of the Lithothamnia" was unfinished at the his decease and was published in 1929 by Karl Henrik Oppegaard Printz, (15 Sep. - Kristiania (Oslo)) 1888-1978 (31 Mar. - Oslo), a disciple of Wille (q.v.) [Fosliella Howe, 1920].

Dr. Audun Fosshagen, 1934-, has worked for many years at the Department of Fisheries and Marine Biology of the University of Bergen. He has a broad background in marine zooplankton, in the tradition of G. O. Sars (q.v.) and other famous Norwegians, but his major specialty is copepods. His recent studies of caves in Bermuda have led to many exciting new species, genera, families, and even a new Order in the rich copepod taxonomy. Fosshagen has at least four copepod species named for him (e.g., Ridgewayia fosshageni Humes and Smith, 1974, Monstrillopsis fosshageni Suárez-Morales & Dias, 2001) as well as the copepod genus Fosshagenia Suárez-Morales and Iliffe, 1996 and Fosshagenella Jaume & Boxshall, 1997. (Dr. D. Damkaer kindly provided most of this information).

Brian Arthur Foster, (10 July - Warkworth, New Zealand) 1942-1992 (26 June - Sydney), Cirripedologist.

Dr. Nancy Marie Foster, (23 Jan. - Electra, Texas) 1941-2000 (27 June - Balktimore, Maryland (by cancer)), PhD in 1969 from George Washington Univ., Washington, D.C., supervised by Meredith Jones (q.v.), US spionidae researcher. At the time of her death, she was Director of the U.S. NOAA Fisheries. A new NOAA research vessel is named Nancy Foster [Sabellaria fosterae Kirtley, 1994]. (Dr. David Damkaer kindly provided some of the information).

The ctenophore Bathocyroe fosteri Madin & Harbison, 1978 was named for the 'Alvin' pilot Dudley B. Foster, 19??-, "in appreciation of his skill with the slurp-gun" and also the mollusk name Caymanabyssia fosteri McLean, 1991 is in his honour, acting as pilot on the occasion of the hallamark Alvin dive 2000.

The amphipod name Ameroculodes miltoni Foster & Heard, 2002 is named for "the late Milton Foster", 19??-, "naturalist and father of the senior author". (Prof. Wim Vader, Tromsø, kindly provided this information).

Lacking information about the Foster family in the gastropod names Naquetia fosteri d'Attilio & Hertz, 1987, Chicoreus (Triplex) fosterorum Houart 1989, Conus fosteri W. Clench & C. G. Aguayo, 1942 and in the bivalve name Bankia fosteri Clench & Turner, 1946, but likely the malacologist Richard Winslow Foster, (Brookline, Mass.) 1920-1964 (3 Sep. - Rome, Italy), may be the honoured person, at least in the early names? An earlier compatriot malacologist was Dr. Thural Dale Foster, (27 Sep.) 1897-1936 (6 June), Univ. of Illinois.

Foster in Cerithiopsis fosterae : (see Emma Hadfield).

Amaea foulisi Kilburn, 1985 is in honour of Captain George Foulis, 19??-, of the R/V Meiring Naudé, a CSIRO (South African) research vessel. (Dr. Riccardo Giannuzzi-Savelli, Palermo, kindly provided this information).

The gastropod name Retusa fourierii Audouin, 1826 may likely honour the well-known French mathematician baron Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier, (21 Mar. - Auxerre) 1768-1830 (16 May - Paris, (fell down the stairs of his home)), who had taken part in Napoleon's Egyptian expedition between 1798-1801.

Dr. Pierre Fourmanoir, 1924-2007 (2 May), French ichthyologist, New Caledonia, who obtained the first specimen of Ecsenius fourmanoiri Springer, 1972 (pisces) [Asterodiscides fourmanoiri Rowe, 1985].

The ciliate name Strombidium fourneleti Maeda & Carey, 1985 is possibly not in honour of a person, but may have been detected at Etang du Fournelet, at Camargue near Marseille.

Lacking information about Fournier in the gastropod name Ceratostoma fournieri H. Crosse, 1861. Possibly, however, a tribute to the jesuite father Georges Fournier, (31 Aug. - Caen) 1595-1652 (13 Apr. - La Flèche), the early French hydrographer? A more modern namesake is Judith A. Fournier, 19??, Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, interested in polychaetes.

The gastropod name Maurea foveauxana Dell, 1950 is not named for a person, but for Western Foveaux Strait, South Island. New Zealand. (Dr. Riccardo Giannuzzi-Savelli kindly provided this information).

Dr. George Herbert Fowler, (4 Sep. - Lincoln, Lincolnshire) 1861-1940 (15 Aug- - Aspley Guise, Bedfordshire), British oceanographer and plankton researcher, who published a few articles about plankton cnidarians during the 1890s and about Biscayan plankton in 1905 and -09. He had studied zoology in Oxford and obtained a PhD on coral research and after that he mainly was teaching zoology. Together with Wolfenden (q.v.) he founded the Challenger Society. After retirement to Bedfordshire he devoted most of his time to local history [Lensia fowleri (Bigelow, 1911), Parascina fowleri Stebbing, 1904, Eukrohnia fowleri Ritter-Záhony, 1909, Cunina fowleri (Browne, 1906), Metaconchoecia fowleri (Gooday, 1981), Scolecithrix fowleri Farran, 1926]. Metaconchoecia wolferi (Gooday, 1981) is an anagram tribute to Fowler. A namesake was the British malacologist Thomas George William Fowler, 1880-1967.

Henry Weed Fowler, (23 Mar. - Holmesburg, Pennsylvania) 1878-1965 (21 June), US fish taxonomist, who also published on crustaceans of New Jersey in 1912. He was the first full time curator at the division of fish at the Academy of Natural Sciences, beginning there just before the turn of the new century and continuing until 1930. [Panturichthys fowleri (Ben-Tuvia, 1953)].

Prof. Harold Munro Fox (born Fuchs to a German father, once captain in the Preussian army and a British mother), (28 Sep. - Clapham, London) 1889-1967 (29 Jan.), educated in Cambridge. In 1911-12 he worked at the Plymouth Laboratory and in 1912 in Naples, becoming Lecturer in Zoology, Royal College of Science, (later Imperial College), London in 1913. After WWI he worked as a Lecturer in Biology in Cairo between 1919-23. He returned to Cambridge between 1924-1927, but was during this time the leader of an expedition to Egypt to study the fauna of the Suez Canal, 1924-1925. He became Professor of Zoology at the Univ. of Birmingham between 1927-1941, and Professor of Zoology at Bedford College, London between 1941-1954. He was associated with the Royal Institution, London as Professor of Physiology between 1953-1956. When formally retired, he moved to Queen Mary College, London as Research Associate. His research interests were wide, but he was especially concerned with ostracods and other marine invertebrates [Doridicola foxi (Gurney, 1927), Laophonte foxi Harding, 1956, Kainomatomysis foxi W. Tattersall, 1927, Echinogammarus foxi (Schellenberg, 1928), Anthopleura foxi Carlgren O., 1927, Crispatotrochus foxi (Durham & Barnard, 1952)]. (More).

Dr. Peter Foxton, 19??-, National. Institute of Oceanography, Wormley,. Surrey, U.K., is honoured in the salp name Cyclosalpa foxtoni van Soest, 1974. Foxton published on salps (in the British Discovery Reports series) at least during the 1960s and 1970s and had earlier published on other plankton and served at R/V "Discovery II" at her first post war commission in 1950-51. Also the copepod genus Foxtonia Hulsemann & Grice, 1963 is named in his honour.

Foye : (see La Foye).

Prof. Julien Jean Joseph Fraipont, (17 Aug. - Liége) 1857-1910 (22 Mar. - Liége), Belgian professor of palaeontology in Liége, who i.a. in 1887 described Polygordius appendiculatus and also published on bivalves. He published almost more on zoological items than on palaeontology, because this kind and modest man had been one of E. van Beneden's (q.v.) favourite students. A few months before he died, he became Rector Magnificus of the Liége University. The mineral Fraipontite (Zn₂.₃Al₀.₇Si₁.₄Al₀.₆O₅(OH)₄) is named for both him and his son, Prof. Charles Fraipont, 1883-1946, who had the same profession and became a successor of his father.

Prof. Dr. Paul Hermann Fraisse, (1 Apr. - Memel) 1851-1909 (3 Nov. - Jena), PhD in Würzburg 1880, became professor in Leipzig and published mainly on vertebrates [Bopyrissa fraissei (Carayon, 1943)] (first described as Pseudione fraissei Kossmann, 1886 (nomen nudum)), Priapon fraissei (Giard & Bonnier, 1886), Sacculina fraissei Giard, 1886].

Henry G. Frampton, (4 Feb. - Sharon, Pennsylvania) 1902-1966 (29 July - Greenville, South Carolina), US (Miami, Florida) journalist and Malacologist.

Prof. Francesco Furnari , 19??-, Botanical department, Università di Catania, is honoured in the red algal name Crouania francescoi Cormaci, Furnari & Scammacca, 1978.

Haustellum franchii Bozzetti, 1993 is named for Dr. Fabrizio Franchi, 19??-, of Piacenza, physician and amateur conchologist.

The actinian name Epiactis lisbethae Fautin D. G. and Chia F., 1986 is named for Dr. Lisbeth Francis, (11 Feb.) 1942-, who worked on the ecology and behaviour of the Epiactis in the Pacific northwest at Friday Harbour. (Curator Philip Lambert, Royal British Columbia Museum, kindly provided this information).

The amphipod name Hyalella franciscae Gonzalez & Watling, 2003 is named for Mrs. Francisca Gonzalez, 19??-, the wife of the author and a librarian at the Univ. of Coquimbo, Chile.

The Californian horn shark name Heterodontus francisci Girard 1845 is likely not from a person's name, but because of its distribution in the San Francisco area.

The Angolan gastropod name Conus franciscoi Rolán & Röckel, 2000, must be a tribute to Francisco X. Fernandes, 19??-1996, (q.v.) to whom Rolán wrote an obituary in 1996.

For the eponym of Odostomia franki Penas & Rolan, 1999 : (see Swinnen).

The scleractinian name Letepsammia franki Owens, 1994 is a tribute to Frank A. Owens, 19??-, a program analyst for the United States Postal Service and the husband of the the African US author Dr. Joan Murrell Owens, (30 June - Miami) 1933-,.

The German modern micropalaeontology pioneer Dr. h.c. Adolf Franke, (17 Aug. - Ettischleben) 1860-1942 (19 June), published on foraminiferans between 1912-36, on microfossils in 1939 and is honoured in the foraminiferan name Psammosphaera frankei (Rhumbler, 1935).

Prof. (of histology and embryology) Dr. Zdenek Frankenberger, (24 Jan. - Prag) 1892-1966 (12 Jan. - Prag), Czech physician, entomologist, malacologist and isopodolologist, honoured eponymically in some insect names.

Sir John Franklin : (see Goodsir).

The soft coral name Clavularia frankliniana Roule, 1902 was found by the 'Southern Cross' (British Antarctic 1898-1900) expedition off Franklin Island, so it is not directly an eponym honouring a person.

Franklin in the scaphopod name Fissidentalium franklinae Lamprell & Healy, 1998 is likely not named for a person, but like the isopod names Haplomesus franklinae Merrin & Poore, 2003, Ianthopsis franklinae Brandt, 1994 & Basserolis franklinae Poore, G.C.B., 1990, the shrimp name Paraclimenes franklini (A.J. Bruce, 1990), the amphipod name Antipodeus franklini, Williams & Barnard, 1988, the calocarididean name Ambiaxius franklinae Sakai, 1994 and the hermit crab name Hemipagurus franklinae McLaughlin, 2004 named after the CSIRO researh vessel Franklin, which collected the material. The 55 m long and 12 m broad ship (made of galvanized steel) was named for Sir John Franklin (q.v.) and had Hobart, Tasmania (where Sir John had been a popular governor between 1837-43) as home port between 1985 to mid 2002, but is now owned by the Swedish marine surveying company Marin Mätteknik and replaced by CSIRO with the 66.1 m long R/V "Southern Surveyor".

The bone-eating siboglinid Osedax frankpressi Rouse, Goffredi & Vrijenhoef, 2004 : (see Frank Press).

Frederick Franks, 17??-18??, sent to Leach in 1818 a petrel, which was named Uria francsi Leach, 1819.

Lacking information about Franks in the West Indian coral name Montastraea franksi (J.W. Gregory, 1895).

Dr. Carolus (Charles) Henricus Josephus Maria Fransen, 19??-, curator for Crustacea at the Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, Leiden, is honoured in the gastropod name Alvania franseni Hoenselaar & Goud, 1998.

Viktor Franz, 1883-1950, German Malacologist.

Professor Åke Franzén, 1925-, Swedish zoologist educated in Uppsala. In 1981 he succeded Orrhage (q.v.) and preceeded Erséus (q.v.) as director of the Invertebrate Department at the Swedish Museum of Natural History, retireing from this appointment in 1991 [Franzenella d'Hondt, 1983].

The oligochaete name Tubificoides fraseri Brinkhurst, 1986 may possibly not honour a person's name, because it is known from the Fraser River estuary.

Lacking information about Fraser in the gastropod name Trophonopsis fraseri Knudsen, 1950, but possibly a tribute to C.M. Fraser (below).

The scaphopod Gadila fraseri Nicklès, 1955, is known ony from Atlantide Stn. 84 off Ghana, so its name must be a tribute to Dr. Francis Charles Fraser, (16 June - Scotland) 1903-1978 (21 Oct.), who was renamed "Jimmie" by Kemp (q.v.) when he was thought to take part in the Discovery expedition, because they already had a Francis on the ship and he did not take part in the expedition from its becinning, but instead chose the "William Scoresby" changing ship to the "Discovery" at South Georgia, but his wife from 1938 instead called him James. He spent much time in South Georgia when he was young researching Euphausia superba, but later became interested also in whales and was on board the Danish "Atlantide" in 1945 as a whale specialist.

Lacking information about Fraser in the Australian cockle name Plagiocardium (Maoricardium) fraseri (Garrard, 1963).

Possibly one or a few of fraseri eponyms may be honouring James Henry Fraser, (18 May) 1909-1990 (14 Mar. - Nairn, Scotland), marine scientist, i.a. interested in and publishing on pelagic tunicates.

Prof. Dr. Charles McLean Fraser, (1 June - Bluevale, S Ontario) 1872-1946 (26 Dec. - Vancouver), Canadian zoologist, who was a student of Nutting (q.v.) at the University of Iowa and received his PhD in 1913 and later (1920) became Prof. of Zoology at the Univ. of British Columbia. He published on various marine groups, e.g. on fish parasitical copepods from the Vancouver area in 1920, a few malacological papers, but was mainly an international authority on hydrozoans [Acantochondria fraseri Ho, 1972, Cerithiopsis fraseri Bartsch, 1921, likely Ocenebra fraseri Oldroyd, 1920].

Dr. Alan Fraser-Brunner, 19??-, aquarium curator, Edinburgh zoo, is honoured in the W African fish name Parasudis fraserbrunneri (Poll, 1953). Fraser-Brunner published mainly from the beginning of the 1930s to the 1950s.

Lacking information about Frasson in the acanthocephalan worm name Arhythmorhynchus frassoni (Molin, 1858) (if not named for the Italian revolutionary Luigi Frassoni, 1807-1???)?

Georg, Ritter von Frauenfeld, (3 June - Wien) 1807-1873 (8 Oct.), Austrian naturalist chiefly working on molluscs and entomology as curator at the natural history museum in Vienna, mainly Diptera and taking part in the Novara expedition around the world [Xenodice frauenfeldti Boeck, 1871, Rissoa frauenfeldiana Brusina, 1868, Eunice frauenfeldi Grube, 1868, Conus frauenfeldi H. Crosse, 1865, Cucumaria frauenfeldi Ludwig, Thalassomyia frauenfeldi Schiner, 1856].

Koen Fraussen, 1965-, Belgian conchologist specialised in Buccinidae. is honoured in the gastropod name Conus frausseni Tenorio & Poppe, 2004. (Guido T. Poppe kindly provided this information).

Lacking information about Frederic in the decapod name Richardina fredericii Lo Bianco, 1903. Possibly Dr. Léon Fredericq, (Gent) 1851-1935, Belgian physician and physiologist, who between 1885 and 1888 built a physiological institute in Liége and in 1889 published on struggle for life in marine animals. He was a close friend of Dr. Charles Richet, 1850-1935, the French physiologist and early Nobel laureate, who discovered anaphylaxy.

Frédol : (see Moquin-Tandon).

Prof. Roy Francis Harry Freeman, 1923-1993, formerly of Queen Mary College, London, between 1967-87 Professor of Zoology at the Univ. of Otago, New Zealand, was the tutor of the author of Agnathaner freemani Hamond, 1968. [Scolepolepides freemani Mitchell & Edwards, 1988].

Prof. Dr. Daniel Freeman, 1864-1938, Prof. of biology at Albany College, Albany, Oregon, between 1923-38, is honoured in the polyclade genus Freemania Hyman, 1953. Freeman published on polyclades froim the US west coast in 1930 and 1933.

The trematode name Tanaisia (Tamerlania) freitasiana Odening, 1963 is in honour of the Brazilian helminthologist Prof. Dr. João Ferreira Teixeira de Freitas, 19??-19??. (Prof. Albina Gaevskaya, Sevastopol, kindly provided this information).

Christophe Paulin de la Poix, Chevalier de Fréminville, (23 Jan. - Ivry-sur-Seine) 1787-1848 (11/12 Jan. - Brest), French zoologist (mainly entomologist, but also very interested in malacology) and naval officer, who visited Iceland in 1806 and Hudson's Bay in 1812. This person was a complex (almost excentric) nature and also was a specialist on the early history of Bretagne (lived much in St. Malo) and Britain and he had chosen the naval carreer after having listened to lectures about Capt. James Cook's navigations. He retired from the navy in 1831, spending the coming years publishing. In 1822 at Guadeloupe he had a tragic romance with a beutiful 19 years old creol wonan, Caroline. They had met when he was rescued from waves beating him unconscious against the cliffs when he was collecting at a rocky shore. When he woke up after having been rescued his eyes fell on her and they fell deeply in love. They promised to see each other after a time, but Christophe did not arrive, becase his ship, the frigate "La Néréide" was late due to other circumstances, so Caroline, who thought that they never would meet again took her life by drowning and when Christophe heard this he was broken-hearted. During his last years, he was said to have been dressed in woman clothes, possibly because of this love story. [Alvania freminvillea Risso 1826, Myliobatis freminvillei Lesueur, 1824, Girella freminvillei (Valenciennes, 1846)]

Jan Frentrop, 19??-1999, Dutch Malacologist.

Prof. Dr. Johannes Frenzel, 1858-1897 (21 Oct. (accident in a lake)), published in 1885 on "Gregarinen" among marine animals. He was the founder of an Biological and Fisheries Experment Station in Berlin in 1893, later professor of zoology at Cordoba University in Argentina.

Lacking information about Frerichs in the skate name Amblyraja frerichsi (Krefft, 1968).

Roger Fresco-Corbu, (22 July - Constantinople) 1912-1999 (26 Mar. - in a daughters home in Spain), British Malacologist.

The tanaid name Zeuxo fresii Sieg, 1980 is likely honouring the Italian marine biologist Eugenio Fresi, 19??-, professor of ecology at Univ. Roma "Tor Vergata". (Dr. Riccardo Giannuzzi-Savelli kindly provided this information).

Dr. Vera Fretter, (5 July - London) 1905-1992 (15 Oct.), British molluscan anatomist, spending much time before and during WWII in her parents house in Kingsand, close to the shore of Plymouth Sound, where she could easily collect her study objects. She received her PhD with a thesis on the polyplacophoran gut, in 1936 at Birkbeck College. From 1954 she worked at the Univ. of Reading, retired formally in 1970, but continued working there for the rest of her life [Rissoella fretterae Ponder & Yoo, 1977].

Frey : (see Leuckart).

de Freycinet : (see Gaudichaud-Beaupré).

Lacking information about Freyer in the sponge name Raspailia freyeri Schmidt, 1862, but possibly a tribute to Henrik Freyer, (7 July - Idrija) 1802-1866 (21 Aug. - Ljubljana), natural history (mainly botany and entomology) researcher in Ljubljana.

The tardigrade name Batillipes friaufi Riggin, 1962 is likely a tribute to the entomologist and gastrotrich researcher Dr. (later Prof. Em.) James J. Friauf, 19??-, PhD in Florida in 1942, Department of Zoology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn..

Prof. Jan Antonín Friič (sometimes spelled Fritsch), (30 July - Prag) 1832-1913 (15 Nov. - Prag), Czechoslovakian palaeontologist and zoologist [Paranais frici Hrabe, 1941].

The French malacologist Dominique Frick, around 1787?-1866?, who had once been the French consular agent and then opened a shell store in Honolulu, is honoured in the gastropod name Arene fricki (Crosse, 1865). A person by that name: "one of its most valued contributors to the French language journal Le Natinal" died in early February 1866 in San Francisco aged 78 years and this may likely be the same person, because he seems to have left his Hawaiian shell shop in 1858. (Dr Eugene V. Coan, California, kindly provided much of this information).

Dr. Ronald Fricke, 1959-, Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Ichthyology, Stuttgart, Germany, is a fish taxonomist working on marine fish.

Prof. Dr. Friedrich Fricke, (25 Mar. - Bremen) 1863-1926 (20 Jan. - Bremen), who continued Adolf Schmidt's, (12 Aug. - Berlin) 1812-1899 (25 June - Aschersleben), "Atlas der Diatomaceenkunde" is honoured in the diatom name Mastogloia frickeii Hustedt, 1931-66.

Lacking information about Frideric in the chaetognath name Parasagitta friderici (Ritter-Záhony, 1911).

David Fridman, 19??-20??, word renowned (now late) reef biologist, who i.a. has written a book (together with Tony Malmqvist) on the Red Sea fauna in Eilat, is honoured in the Red Sea fish name Pseudochromis fridmani Klausewitz, 1968 appearing in a Dominica stamp issued on 07/09/1998. (Dr Claude Wainstain, France, stamp collector, interested in the Judaica topic, kindly provided this information).

Árni Fridrikson, 1898-1966, Icelandic fisheries researcher. An Icelandic research vessel is bearing his name.

Lacking information about Frieda in the gastropod name Conus friedae Da Motta, 1991.

The bivalve name Limopsis friedbergi Glibert & van de Poel, 1965, must likely be a tribute to Wilhelm Friedberg, (29 Jan. - Boryslaw, Ucraine) 1873-1941 (10 June - Krakow), Polish palaeontologist.

Prof. Dr. Hermann Friedrich, 1906-1997, German zoologist in Kiel (one of Remane's (q.v.) disciples), who mainly was interested in nemerteans and annelids. He published the book "Meeresbiologie" in 1965, English translation "Marine Biology" in 1969 [Wiotkenia friedrichi Serna de Esteban & Moretto, 1969].

Herman Friele II, (27 May - Bergen) 1838-1921 (7 Nov. - Voss), coffee merchant, pharmacist and marine naturalist from Bergen, Norway. His grandfather, bearing the same name, had started the family business dealing with colonial imported products, like sugar, sirup, spices and then more and more coffee, and the grandson could leave a well managed business company to the next generation. [Melanella frielei (Jordan, 1895), Mohnia frielei (Dall, 1891), Colus frielei Kantor, 1981, Gymnobela frielei Verrill, 1885, Bathyarca frielei (Friele, 1877), Lyonsiella frielei Allen & Turner, 1984, Epitonium frielei (Dall, 1889), Beringius frielei (Dall, 1894)]. The Friele family is still the largest coffe merchants in Norway.

The cowry name Zoila friendii Gray, 1831 is honouring Capt. Friend, F.R.S., who supplied the original specimen. This person must either have been Charles Friend, 17??-18??, who was making observations along the American Pacific area as a liutenant in 1827 or his brother Matthew Curling Friend (21 Jan.) 1792-1871 (21 Oct. - Frankfort Lodge, Clevedon, Somersetshire), also he an officer in the Royal Navy, e.g. on board a frigate "Bucephalus" for St. Helena escorting Napoleon Bonaparte and during this cruise he happened to save a drowning lady. It is unclear whether C. Friend was a F.R.S., but M.C. Friend was a F.R.S. from 1820 on and later instructed in natural history, when working in Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania), so the most likely brother here is probably him.

Lorraine Screven Frierson, (7 Aug. - Lakeville, Lousiana) 1861-1933 (11 Nov.), US cotton planter and Malacologist, but mainly interested in non marine mollusks.

Dr. Bengt Fredrik Fries, (24 Aug.) 1799-1839 (7 Apr. - rheumatatical disease), PhD in Lund in 1823, senior lecturer (docent) in zoology 1824 and in anatomy 1828 at Lund University, curator at Museum of Natural History in Stockholm 1931; worked during periods between 1835-37 at Kristineberg at the Swedish west coast and influenced other naturalists, like Lovén (q.v.) and the younger von Wright brothers (q.v.) to use this place for collection work. His parents (his father was a physician) died when he was young and Baron Axel Gustaf Gyllenkrok, 1783-1865, who was a well known patron and large scale natural history objects collector (donated his collections in 1845 to Lund University), became his guardian. When later working at the Natural History Museum in Stockholm, his talens were observed and appreciated by the well known chemist Count Jöns Jacob Berzelius, (20 Aug. - Väversunda, Östergötland) 1779-1848 (7 Aug. - Stockholm), i.a. the founder of chemical symbols (like O, H, N, Si, Fe, Au, Ag, Cl, etc.) and finding elements like Ce, Se, Li and Th, who became Fries' friend and protector. However his serious rheumatical disese became worse during his stays at Kristineberg and he eventually died rather young, leaving widow and children. Possibly this 'rheumatical disease' may instead have been pneumatic TBC [Leseurigobius friesii (Malm, 1874)]. He was not related to any of the botanical Fries persons, like Elias Magnus Fries, (15 Aug. - Femsjö, W. Småland) 1794-1878 (8 Feb. - Uppsala), Elias sons Theodor (Thore) Magnus Fries, (28 Oct. - Femsjö) 1832-1913 (29 Mar. - Uppsala) and Oscar Robert Fries, (5 Apr. - Uppsala) 1840-1908 (18 June - Uppsala), their sons, grandchildren, etc.

Peder Claussøn Friis, (1 Apr. - Egersund) 1545-1614 (15 Oct. - Valle), Norwegian clergyman and interested naturalist, who in 1599 published "Om Diur, Fiske, Fugle og Trær udj Norig", where he i.a. describes some whales and several useful fishes.

Mrs. Jeanne Frisbey, 19??-, Port Isabel, Texas, is honoured in the gastropod name Vermicularia frisbeyae J.H. McLean, 1970.

Dr. Christiaan Johannes Johan Conrad August Fristedt, 1860-1940, Swedish zoologist, who especially interested himself in sponges and published his doctoral dissertation 1885 on Swedish marine sponges. After his dissertation he travelled in Africa, Ceylon, South India, Australia and New Zealand (and published a popular book about his travels), but became a teacher in Stockholm, Gävle and from 1892 in Karlstad, where he in 1904 succeded L. Johansson (q.v.), who then moved to Göteborg [Hymedesmia (Stylopus) fristedti (Topsent, 1892), Cladorhiza fristedti (Lambe, 1900), Hymeniacidon fristedti (Topsent, 1913), Asconema fristedti fristedti Tabachnick & Menshenina 2007, Phyllodoce fristedti Bergström, 1914, Polycarpa fristedti Michaelsen, 1923, (also a few insect names honour him)].

The late Dr. Harry K. Fritchman II, (11 Sep.) 1923-2001 (8 Sep. - Boise), is honoured in the hydroid name Candelabrum fritchmanii Hewitt & Goddard, 2001. Dr. Fritchman was Invertebrate Zoologist and Prof. Em. of Biology at Boise State Univ., in Idaho and was the first person to collect this hydroid in July 1964.

Fritsch : (see Friič).

The hagfish name Eptatretus fritzi Wisner & McMillan, 1990 is in honour of Frithjof (Fritz) Frockney Ohre, (21 July) 1910-2003 (17 July), Santee, San Diego farmer and amateur ichthyologist, "friend, willing, eager,and industrious volunteer on many of the expeditionson which all species treated here were taken, particularly those to Guadalupe Island".

The US malacologist Prof. Donald Leslie Frizzell, (19 Oct. - WA) 1906-1972 (17 Oct. - MI), professor of Paleontology, Department of Geology, Missouri School of Mines and University of Missouri-Rolla, is honoured in the bivalve name Pitar frizzelli Hertlein & Strong, 1948. (Dr. Eugene V. Coan, California, kindly provided this information).

Dr. Louis Édouard Gourdan de Fromentel, (29 Aug. - Champlitte) 1824-1901 (8 Apr. - Gray), French physician and protistan worker, MD in Strasbourg in 1849, but continued in Paris to become a palaeontologist [Rhabdostyla fromenteli Kent, 1880, Vorticella fromenteli Kahl, 1935 + several palaentological taxa].

Dr. Bruce Wesley Frost, (8 Mar. - Brunswick, Maine) 1941-, was a graduate of Bowdoin College in Maine; after a period with Arthur Humes (q.v.) at Boston University, Frost obtained his PhD in 1969 under Abraham Fleminger (q.v.) at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, with a dissertation on the systematics and distribution of the oceanic copepod Clausocalanus. Shortly after that, Frost joined the faculty of the University of Washington in Seattle. In 1999, he became the Director of the School of Oceanography. He is the author of 16 publications about copepods, including some now-classic papers on copepod grazing. He is also the author of 10 copepod species' names. In early 2001, a number of his students participated in a symposium for his 60th birthday, the proceedings of which will be published in Hydrobiologia (Dr. D. Damkaer kindly provided this information).

The gastropod name Fryeria Gray, 1853 is named "after my excellent friend" Mr. Joseph Harrison Fryer, 1777-1855, surveyor, geologist and mining engineer of Newcastle, "who first sent to England the beautiful Chitons, Fissurellce, Purpurte, Murices, and other shells of the coast of Peru; and hence attracted the attention of naturalists and collectors to the rich harvest to be made in that country". Fryer spent the years 1826-28 in South America. He partly published together with Joshua Alder (q.v.) and Albany Hancock (q.v.).

The harpacticoid name Forficatocaris claudii Noodt, 1972 is in honour of Prof. Claudio Fröhlich, (10 June) 1927-, Dept. de Zoologia, São Paulo. (Luiz Ricardo L. Simone, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, kindly provided the date). A namesake was the German"Kreismedizinalrat" Josef Alois Fröhlich, (10 Mar. - Marktoberdorf) 1766-1841 (11 Mar.), an interested naturalist, primarily working as a botanist, but also on insects and helminths (being a pioneer in that field) & discovered and named the Linguatulida.

Lacking information about Clara Fröken in the Eastern Central Pacific cephalopod genus name Froekenia Hoyle, 1904. (This name by Dr. W. Evans Hoyle (q.v.) from Wales is a bit odd because Fröken in Swedish means Miss (and is also used to address a female teacher by pupils) and is not used as a family name, so this must be a Miss Clara (or female teacher Clara), but who?; type species and only species of this genus is Froekenia clara Hoyle, 1904)

Ewald Frömming, 1899-1960, German Malacologist, mainly active with non marine items.

Anton Fuchs, 1878-1942, Austrian Malacologist. P. Lorenz Fuchs, around 1856-1899 (27 Nov. - West-Hupe (German name for the province), China, aged 43 years), was an Austrian malacological namesake, serving as Franciscus missionary in China.

Prof. Dr. Otto Fuhrmann, (1 Apr. - Basel) 1871-1945 (26 Jan.), Swiss zoologist / helminthologist [Diphyllobothrium fuhrmanni Hsu, 1935, Monocelis fuhrmani Midelburg, 1908].

Prof. Dr. Takahiro Fujino, 19??-, Department of Biology, The Yamagata University, Koshirakawa, who published numerous papers on caridean decapods from 1967-1975, largely on pontoniine shrimps, is honoured in the shrimp name Periclimenes fujinoi A.J. Bruce, l990. (Dr. A.J. Bruce kindly supplied this information) and in the amphipod name Jesogammarus fujinoi Tomikawa & Morino, 2003 in respect of mentorship of Dr Tomikawa. (Prof. Wim Vader, Tromsø, kindly provided the information about the amphipod).

The cephalopod name Octopus fujitai (Sasaki, 1929) is likely and the nudibranch name Polycera fujitai Baba, 1937 is almost certainly honouring Prof. Dr. Tsunenobu Fujita, 18??-19??, mainly a parasitologist (at the Hokkaido Univ.), who published on "On the formation of the Germinal Layers in Gastropoda" in 1904 and also on fishes, retired likely around 1935, (had begun to publish at least from 1892 (on doridid nudibranchs) and kept publishing until 1941). An identical Japanese namesake was a malacologist, who died in 2000.

Mitsuo Fukuchi, 1947-, Japanese Polar researcher (e.g. copepods).

The bivalve name Teredo fulleri Clapp, 1924 is in honour of Mr. Nelson M. Fuller, 18??-19?? (still living in 1948), of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, "in recognition of the assistance he has given me In the study of the shipworm problem.". Other namesakes are the Australian entomologist Claude Fuller, (1 Oct. - Castle Hill, New South Wales, Australia) 1872-1928 (5 Nov. - Lourenco Marque, Mozambique), who during the last part of his life, lived and published from Southern Africa and Dr. George Damon Fuller, (18 Jan. - Adamsville, Quebec, Canada) 1869-1961 (23 Nov.), Chicago, who was president of the Ecological Society of America in 1934. An earlier malacological namesake from USA was Charles B. Fuller, 1821?-1893, of Portland.

Dr. Thomas Alexander Wemyss Fulton, F.R.S.E., (Edinburgh) 1855-1929 (7 Oct.), was a graduate (MD in 1884) of Edinburgh University, where Wyville Thomson (q.v.) was his teacher in natural history. In 1895 he was appointed the first superintendent of scientific investigations for the Fishery Board of Scotland, a function he had, in effect , exercised all along since 1888, when he joined the Fishery Board, after having spent two years in the Challenger office under Sir John Murray (q.v.) after returning from travelling in India. In that capacity, he was T. Scott's boss. Without Fulton's support, the mason T Scott, would perhaps not have had the possibility to join copepod science. Fulton's own studies were about fish and hydrographic interactions. In 1899 Fulton became the first Superintendent of the conjoint hatchery and laboratory at Nigg Bay (see T. Scott). Fulton is also known for his current studies in the North Sea helped by drift bottles. [Parametaphoxus fultoni (T. Scott, 1890), Stephos fultoni (T. & A. Scott, 1898), Fultonia T. Scott, 1902, Metaphoxus fultoni (Scott, 1890)]. Today Fulton may be best known for having publised "The Sovereignity of the Sea" dealing with laws of the ocean. (Dr. D. Damkaer kindly provided much of this information and a key to the rest).

The most known Fulton among malacologists (with many taxa named after him, the most famous being the high-prized-maniac-collectors-item, the South African Cypraea fultoni Sowerby, 1903 - now in the genus Barycypraea Schilder, 1927) is Hugh Coomber Fulton, 1861-1942. This British worker published some papers at the turn of the 19th century. He was also a dealer and published lists of shells for sale together with the last of the Sowerby's (q.v.) "dynasty" [Chronos fultoni Coen, 1922, Pulsarella fultoni (Sowerby, 1888), Volachlamys fultoni Sowerby, 1904, Mesophaedusa fultoni (Sykes, 1895), Cardium fultoni Sowerby, G.B., 1916, Mitra fultoni E.A. Smith, 1892, Conus fultoni G. B. Sowerby III, 1887, Chlamys fultoni Sowerby, 1904, likely Trivirostra fultoni Cate, 1979, Acila fultoni E. A. Smith, 1892]. (Stefano Palazzi kindly provided this information).

S.W. Fulton, 18??-19??, Melbourne, worked on SE Australian crabs during the two first decades of the 20:th century.

Dr. Peter Funch (born Andersen), (10 Nov.) 1965-, Danish zoologist at the University of Aarhus. Together with Reinhardt Møbjerg Kristensen (q.v.) he made the basic research behind the taxon Cycliophora, but has also worked on marine rotiferans.

Lacking information about Furnest in the holothuroid name Pseudothyone furnesti Cherbonnier, 1969.

Prof. Dr. Marie-Louise Furnestin, 19??-, plankton researcher, Université de Provence. Marseille,. France, who has been publishing since around 1953, is honoured in the copepod name Oncaea furnestini Shmeleva, 1979.

Aleksandr Vasilevich Fursenko (or Furssenko), 19??-, Russian foraminiferologist [Fursenkoina Loeblich & Tappan,1961].

Kenzo Furuhashi, 1930-, Japanese planktonic copepod worker.

Professor Björn Föyn, (21 Sep. - Trondheim) 1898-1985 (8 Jan. - Oslo), Norwegian zoologist, interested in foraminiferans, polychaetes, green algae etc., director of the biological station in Drøbak, belonging to Oslo University. Through his wife Bibba, 1900-1985, he was brother in law of J.T. Ruud (q.v.) and was also a cousin of the marine nutrient researcher Dr.Ernst Föyn.

Hans.G.Hansson